Effects Of Apple Fermentation Products On Continuous Cropping Soil Environment And Apple Malus Hupehensis Rehd.Seedlings Growth

The experiment was conducted at the College of Horticulture Science and Engineering of Shandong Agricultural University,the National Apple Engineering Technology Research Center,and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology from 2018 to 2019.Continuous cropping soil was taken from a 31-year-old apple orchard in Manzhuang Town,Tai’an C ity,Shandong Province.Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings were used as a test material.Under potted conditions,the application of apple fermentation products in continuous cropping apple soil to Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedling growth and soil environmental impacts.The results are as follows:1 Application of apple fermentation products promoted the root growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings.The root length,surface area,volume and number of root tips of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings of the three treatments were improved.Overall,it appears that apple fermentation products> sterilized apple fermentation products> sterilized replanted orchard soil> continuous control.Apple fermentation product treatment was the most significant difference compared with control.The length,surface area,volume,and number of apical roots treated by apple fermentation products were increased by 395.99%,40.31%,35.52% and 312.88% respectively.Apple fermentation products also significantly promoted root respiration rate of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings.In July,August,and September,the root respiration rate of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings with application of apple fermentation products were increased by 104.44%,58.26%,and 139.84% respectively compare with the control.Apple fermentation products also increased the protective enzyme activity in the roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd.Seedlings.Compared to the control,catalase activity was increased by 22.22,16.90 and 9.90 times in July,August and September respectively.Peroxidase activity was increased by 531.06%,851.94% and 1526.67% respectively.The superoxide dismutase activity was increased by 12.68%,25.33% and 27.37% respectively.2 Apple fermentation products increased the biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings.In July,August and September,the plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings treated with methyl bromide sterilization,apple fermentation products and sterilized apple fermentation products were significantly improved,and the treatment effect was sterilized replanted orchard soil > apple fermentation product> sterilized apple fermentation product.The plant height of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings treated with apple fermentation products increased by 44.60%,79.98% and 50.84% compared with the continuous crop control in July,August and September respectively.Ground diameter increased by 36.93%,61.24%,36.83%.Fresh weight increased by 171.82%,326.06%,123.55%.Dry weight increased by 225.45%,274.94% and 130.80% respectively.3 Apple fermentation products increase the activity of major enzymes in continuous cropping soil.The overall enzyme activity in the treated soils was as follows: apple fermentation product>sterilized apple fermentation product> sterilized replanted orchard soil.The catalase activity in the soil applied to the apple fermentation product increased by 10.62%,14.44%,and 67.95% compared with the control in July,August,and September,respectively.Neutral phosphatase activity was increased by 41.98%,38.46%,49.89% respectively.Urease activity was increased by 88.00%,113.54%,44.75%.Invertase activity was increased by 45.32%,56.32%,and 28.91% respectively.4 Application of apple fermentation products improved the microbial community structure in continuous cropping soil.In July,August and September,apple fermentation product treatments increased the number of continuous control bacteria by 150.09%,96.81% and 45.88% respectively.The number of actinomycetes decreased by 55.99%,57.21% and 61.47%.The number of fungi was decreased by 72.22%,37.06%,and 50.00% respectively.5 The application of apple fermentation products significantly reduced the gene copy number of four pathogenic bacteria in continuous cropping apple soil.In July,August,and September,the copy number of F.proliferaturn.In the soil treated with apple fermentation products decreased by 27.68%,80.71%,and 76.70%,respectively.And the number of F.m onilif orm e was decreased by 89.57%,74.53% and 74.41 respectively.The number of F.solani was decreased by 93.48%,84.06% and 93.40%,and the number of F.ox ysporum was decreased by 66.79%,69.41% and 46.92% respectively.