| This paper takes Yili horses from Zhaosu Horse Farm as the test object,aiming to study the heart rate variability(HRV),the changing rules of gait characteristics and the influence of blood transcriptome in Yili horses in different training stages,so as to provide information in speed racing for training Yili horses.In the experiment,eight untrained Yili horses stallions were selected for speed training(1 d-30 d in the early stage of training,31 d-70 d in the middle stage of training,and 71 d-94 d in the post stage of training)and a 1 600 m speed race was organized every 30 days to collect heart rate variability and gait characteristics,and blood samples were collected before and after training.The changes of HRV,gait characteristics and molecular regulation mechanism of Yili horses in different training stages were analyzed.The specific results are as follows:Heart rate variability index analysis showed that Mean RR,NN50 and p NN50 in the middle and post training stage were significantly lower than those in the early training stage(P<0.05);Mean HR in the early training stage was significantly lower than that in the post training stage(P<0.05);the VLF and LF in the late training stage were significantly lower than those in the early training stage(P<0.05).The analysis of gait characteristic indicators showed that the performance of Yili horses in the post stage of training was significantly higher than that in the early stage of training(P<0.05),the overlap trailing hindlimb-leading hindlimb was significantly lower in the early training period than in the middle and post-training stage(P<0.05);the swing trailing hindlimb in the mid-training stage was significantly lower than that in the post training stage(P<0.05).The swing leading hindlimb in the mid-training was significantly lower than that of the early and post-training stage(P<0.05).The swing leading forelimb in the mid-training was significantly lower than the early and post-training stage(P<0.05),the aerial duration in the mid-training stage is significantly lower than the early and post-training stage(P<0.05),the instantaneous speed in the early training stage is significantly lower than the late training period(P<0.05),The fore stride length in the early and mid-training stage is significantly smaller than post-training stage(P<0.05),and the stride length in the early and mid-training stage is significantly smaller than in the post training stage(P<0.05).The analysis of blood transcriptome results showed that by sequencing the blood transcriptome before and after training,a total of 544 491 492 clean reads and 81.67 G of data were obtained.After comparative analysis,the comparison rate of clean reads and the reference genome reached at least93.85%.A total of 33 differentially expressed genes(23 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated)were screened out after differential expression analysis of the control group before after training.Through the annotation of GO function and KEGG database,these differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in ATPase activity,cell cycle process,ion transmembrane transporter activity and other Terms,and were associated with dopaminergic synapse and sphingolipid metabolism,c GMP-PKG signaling pathway,NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and other KEGG pathways.DDC,PRDM16,TP53INP2,S1PR3 and other genes were screened to be significantly differentially expressed before and after training.It is speculated that these genes may be involved in regulating the physiological process of Yili horses training.In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,the training effect of Yili horses can be evaluated by monitoring the indicators of Mean RR,p NN50,NN50,LF,and VLF in HRV.Fore stride length can be used as a relevant reference index for horse training and performance.Through transcriptome sequencing technology,candidate genes such as DDC,PRDM16,TP53INP2,and S1PR3 related to the physiological process of Yili horses during training were initially screened. |
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