Design And Experimental Research Of 2MBJ-12 Cotton Precision Film-laying Planter

The dry-land film-laying technology expands the arable areas of crops to higher latitudes.Its advantages of preserving moisture and saving water ensure the germination rate of crops,thereby ensuring crop yields.Cotton is the economic crop with the largest planting area in Xinjiang.60% of the arable land in Xinjiang is used for cotton planting,of which dry-land film laying accounts for the vast majority.Therefore,the research and design of film-laying machines are significant.Aiming at the problems of the existing film-laying planters,such as small operation width,many shutdown operations,low operation efficiency,and the vertical disc seed metering device is easy to break the seeds,combined with the planting mode of machine-picking cotton,based on preliminary field research,designed a 2MBJ-12 cotton precision film laying machine.Used the method of combining theoretical design and field verification to manufacture physical prototype: The combined method of the bench test of the hole-seeding device and the field verification test was used to verify the operation performance of the hole-seeding device and the film-laying planter.The main research contents of this article are as follows:(1)In order to solve the problem of small working width,a design idea of super-wide film laying and seeding was proposed,and the feasibility of super-wide film laying and seeding was studied.In the preliminary test,the 2.05-meter ultra-wide film and the 4.4-meter ultra-wide film were sown at the same time,and the comparison experiment was completed by comparing the data of temperature under the film,number of seedlings,number of true leaves,width of ridge surface,and lighting surface.According to the test,compared with the 2.05-meter ultra-wide film,the average temperature under the 4.4-meter-wide film is 3~5°higher;The number of seedlings emerging in the same period is more,and the number of true leaves is 2~3;The width of the ridge surface is 4.15 m,and the lighting surface The width is 3.96 m,and the lighting area is increased by 22.3%.After tracking the growth of cotton in one season,we came to the following conclusions: the extra-wide film laying method is better than the ultra-wide film laying method in all aspects before cotton is gathered,the cotton has a trend of increasing production,and the extra-wide film laying method is feasible.(2)After determining the 4.4-meter-wide film laying method,start with the 4.4-meter film roll laying device,compare different film racking devices,clarify the reasons for the instability of the film supply,and design a parallel paired round rolls Membrane device.The film frame device was analyzed from the kinematics point of view,and the rotation balance condition of the film roll was obtained.The force of the film roll was analyzed from the mechanical point of view,the influence of various factors on the stable rotation condition was explored,and the main reasons for breaking the rotation balance condition were clarified.The above research improves the parallel-roller film frame device.The overall frame of the filmlaying planter was structurally designed,the frame structure with the triangular beam group as the main body was clarified,and the frame structure parameters were determined according to the structural dimensions of each sub-component.The test was carried out with reference to the standard technical specifications for quality evaluation of planters,and the qualified rate of the mulching surface width and the flatness of the lighting surface of the film-laying planter were tested.The test results show that the film-laying effect meets the standard requirements and the frame structure design is reasonable.(3)Aiming at the problem of high breakage rate of the vertical disc seed metering device,the design idea of carrying seeds alone in the warehouse was proposed,and a double-bin toothed disc type vertical disc seeding metering device was designed.The structure of the seed storage bin and the seed transport bin was introduced,the working process of the two bins was expounded,and the working principle of the double bins independently carrying seeds to reduce damage was explained.Mechanical analysis,according to Hooke’s law,to explore the influence of various structural parameters on the radial deformation of cotton seeds,and to determine the theoretical matching gap rang.According to the principle of single-grain seed selection,on the basis of the average triaxial size of cotton seeds,the size of the seed hole was determined.According to the working mode of the seed picker,the parameters of the inner wall angle of the seed discharge chamber of the seed picker were determined.The structural parameters of the seed removal and cleaning device,end cover and other structural parameters,and trial-produce the double-silo toothed disk type were determined according to the structural parameters.Mockup of vertical disc seed metering device.(4)Use the above-mentioned prototype to carry out the bench test and field verification test of the holesowing seed metering device according to the national standard.The hole seed metering device mainly examined the influence of three factors on the seed metering quality,including the gap between seed metering,the speed of the hole seed metering device,and the offset angle of the seed hole.The three-factor three-water platform frame test was carried out for the inspection indicators,and the optimal combination of parameters was solved.After optimizing the parameters,field experiments were carried out to verify the optimization results.The optimal combination of parameters of the hole-sowing seed metering device was as follows: the offset angle of the seed hole was 31.7°,the speed of the seed tooth plate was 23.9 r/min,and the gap between the seed metering and metering was 2.08 mm.96%.Combined with the accuracy of the tractor’s speed,the machining accuracy of the seed sprocket,and the size specification of the adjusting plate,the optimal parameter combination were optimized: the offset angle of the seed hole was 32°,the speed of the seed sprocket was 24 r/min,and the seeding coordination was used.The gap was 2.0 mm,and the field verification test was carried out.