| Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell belongs to Lepidoptera,Sphingidae,Ambulicinae,and Clanis.It was an important pest on soybeans in past China,now it is an important edible insect.It has developed rapidly in artificial large-scale breeding in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province,and the consumer market is in short supply.However,research on the nutritional characteristics of C.bilineata tsingtauica is still not comprehensive enough,and its overwintering characteristics are fuzzy,which limits the development of industry.In addition,China has launched a soybean industry revitalization plan,among which soybean and maize compound planting is an important measure in recent years.However,there is a contradiction between the large-scale breeding of C.bilineata tsingtauica and China’s soybean industry revitalization plan.Therefore,this study conducted a systematic study on the nutritional components of C.bilineata tsingtauica,which clarify its nutritional value as an edible insect and a better way of consumption.At the same time,the overwintering characteristics of C.bilineata tsingtauica were studied,in order to provide scientific basis for the large-scale production.In addition,we explored the breeding of C.bilineata tsingtauica under different soybean planting modes,and compared the economic and ecological aspects with traditional soybean monoculture modes,providing data support for the construction of new technologies to solve the contradiction between C.bilineata tsingtauica breeding and soybean production in the future.The main research findings are as follows:1.This study measured the nutritional characteristics and found that the total protein of C.bilineata tsingtauica larvae and Cryptotympana atrata was higher than that of soybean.And the amino acid composition of C.bilineata tsingtauica was relatively balanced and comprehensive.C.bilineata tsingtauica contain both major and trace mineral elements,with higher levels of Zn and Fe.At the same time,through the determination of the content of phytic acid(PA),it was found that the PA/Zn and PA/Fe ratios of C.bilineata tsingtauica were lower than those of soybeans,indicating that the bioavailability of Zn and Fe in C.bilineata tsingtauica was higher.In addition,further comparison of the nutritional components of the meat and epidermis of C.bilineata tsingtauica indicated that the protein and Fe content of the epidermis was relatively high.2.A systematic study on the overwintering characteristics of C.bilineata tsingtauica found that the depth of soil entry of C.bilineata tsingtauica did not significantly change with the decrease of temperature under outdoor artificial feeding conditions,with an average depth of about 6.54 cm.In the field overwintering survey,the depth of soil penetration of C.bilineata tsingtauica significantly increased with the decrease of temperature,with a maximum depth of 11.68 cm.The supercooling point of C.bilineata tsingtauica during different overwintering stages decreased with the decline of natural temperature in the field,with the lowest supercooling point occurring in January each year and gradually increasing thereafter.At the same time,the research results indicated that C.bilineata tsingtauica larvae in Jiangsu region overwintered with facultative diapause,and entered diapause before October 15th,and terminated the diapause before or after November 30th of that year.Afterwards,it entered a stationary quiescence,and the pupation rate in the field exceeds 50%in early May each year.3.In order to explore a new technology for breeding C.bilineata tsingtauica under soybean and maize strip compound planting,this study compared and analyzed the key yield factors under different planting modes.Different planting modes with different densities(0,10,20 and 30 grains/m~2),the theoretical yield of soybean with 30 grains/m~2 in soybean monoculture significantly decreased,while there was no significant difference in the other densities.Compared to 0 grains/m~2 in compound planting,there was no significant change in the yield of soybean with 20 grains/m~2.The insertion of eggs with different densities had no significant effect on the theoretical yield of maize in compound planting.In terms of the growth and development of C.bilineata tsingtauica,the body weight and length values of the larvae with densities of 10 and 20 grains/m~2 were significantly higher.Therefore,whether it is soybean monoculture or compound planting,a density of 20 grains/m~2 is the best for the insertion amount of C.bilineata tsingtauica eggs.In addition,compared to different planting modes,compound planting had little effect on the theoretical yield of soybean,while the theoretical yield of maize under compound planting is significantly higher than that under maize monoculture.Meanwhile,compared to soybean monoculture,compound planting had no significant effect on the hatching rate,larval duration,weight and length of C.bilineata tsingtauica.4.The investigation of arthropod community diversity under different planting and breeding modes indicated that all arthropods surveyed on soybean and maize belong to 4 classes,14 orders,40 families,and 68 species.The species richness,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Pielou evenness index of soybean was significantly higher than that of maize.At the same time,except for a significant decrease in the evenness index under soybean monoculture with a density of 30 grains/m~2,the introduction of C.bilineata tsingtauica eggs did not have a significant impact on the species richness,diversity,and evenness of arthropod communities in soybean monoculture and compound planting.According to the survey,it was found that regardless of the breeding mode,Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Q(Mediterranean cryptospecies)and thrips(Thrips palmi Karny and Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall)were the main pests.The number of B.tabaci and thrips in soybean monoculture increased first and then decreased with the changes in soybean growth period,the number of B.tabaci in compound planting decreased,while the number of thrips still increased first and then decreased.And the number of B.tabaci adult under soybean and maize strip compound planting was significantly higher than that under soybean monoculture on August 23,and there was no significant difference at other times.There was no significant difference in the number of thrips among different planting modes. |
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