Analysis On Morphology And Growth Characteristics Of Chenopodium Quinoa Germplasm Resources In Sandy Area

Chenopodium quinoa Willd,which was the annual herb of Chenopodium in Amaranthaceae,and originated from the Andean mountains of South America.In this study,171 Chenopodium quinoa germplasm resources were selected as research materials.The whole growth period,plant height,main stem diameter,number of effective panicles per plant,1000 grain weight,grain weight per plant,ear length of main branch,leaf length,leaf width,stem color,seed color and panicle color were observed and the Chenopodium quinoa germplasm resources were comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by agronomic characteristics and quinoa yield was determined using correlation,principal component,multiple linear regression,path,and cluster analyses.The results showed that:1.The growth period of 171 quinoa germplasm resources was 119 ～ 155 days.There were significant differences in plant height,spike length of main branch,leaf length,leaf width,diameter of main stem,number of effective spikes per plant,grain weight per plant and 1000 grain weight among 171 quinoa germplasm resources(P < 0.05).Among 171 quinoa germplasm resources,the panicle color was mostly green,accounting for 26.3% of the total,and the rest were yellow,orange,purple,purple,red,pink,green and white,which had ornamental value.2.There were significant differences in 9 quantitative characters among 171 quinoa germplasm materials.The coefficient of variation was 5.79% ～ 91.04%,and the average coefficient of variation was 35.21%.Among 171 materials,the coefficient of variation of grain weight per plant was the largest,91.04%,followed by the number of effective panicles per plant,54.30%;The coefficient of variation of leaf width was 35.76%,which was greater than the average coefficient of variation.3.The correlation analysis between grain weight per plant and other quantitative characters of quinoa showed that the correlation coefficient between stem diameter and grain weight per plant was the largest and very significant.All quantitative traits were correlated with other multiple traits,indicating that the quantitative traits were interrelated and affected each other.Four principal components were selected by principal component analysis,which were plant morphological factors,photosynthetic factors,yield factors and growth cycle factors,with the cumulative contribution rate of 73.64%.The results of path analysis showed that the direct effect of main stem diameter on grain weight per plant was the largest,followed by 1000 grain weight.The direct effect of plant height on grain weight per plant was the smallest,but the indirect effect of plant height on grain weight per plant was the largest through the diameter of main stem.4.The Q-type cluster analysis of 171 quinoa germplasm resources was carried out by class average method.When the distance between classes was 7,the tested quinoa germplasm materials were divided into 5 groups.Class I,with the largest number of germplasm,including 135 quinoa germplasm materials,was rich in resources;The 24 germplasm materials of class II had the characteristics of long plant growth period,high plant size and the largest spike length of main branch;Among the five germplasm resources included in class III,the yield per plant was the largest and the 1000 grain weight was the largest compared with other groups;Class IV was rich in panicle color;There was only one germplasm resource in class V,namely 2021-Y-286,which had short plants,the least number of effective panicles per plant and the lowest yield.