| Field biological characteristics(phonological period, plant height, tree diameter, level of spine, spiniferous color, erect level of branch, quantity of plant of root turion, quantity of bearing branch, self-fruitful percent, natural-fruitful percent) of 30 raspberry varieties were investigated, their apparent quality of fruit (hundred-fruits weight, hardness, the largest simple-fruit weight, the minimal simple-fruit weight, transversum diameter, longitudinal diameter,L/D) and fruit flavor (fragrance, mouthfeel, color) were evaluated,and their main nutritional element of rasspberry friut (soluble sugar, soluble acid, soluble solids, vitamin C,flavone, ellagic acid, anthocyanidin) and salicylic acid of leaves were analysised. Using Excel 2003, With a group of equidistance method, frequency distribution of different characteristics were statisticsed. Using SPSS 13.0, the key indicators influencing raspberry varieties were determined with the principal component analysis method , the main factors of influencing raspberry varieties were determined by factor analysis method, then tested varieties were clustered with hicrarchical cluster analysis.With equidistance grouping method, frequency distribution of different characteristics were statisticsed and the results showed that there were differences on frequency distribution and variation coefficient among thirteen characteristics. According to the variation coefficient, from high to low the order is quantity of plant of root turion, anthocyanin content, flavone content, soluble acid content, ellagic acid content, hundred-fruits weight, vitamin C content, soluble solids content, salicylic content, self-fruitful percent, quantity of bearing branch, soluble sugar content, L/D. According to determined data, thirteen characteristics were divided into five classes to determine classification standard of each characteristics, which can provide a standardized basis for the investigation of other raspberry varieties.Data of seventeen characteristics including level of spine ,quantity of bearing branch, quantity of plant of root turion, soluble sugar content, soluble solids content, vitamin C content, flavone content, anthocyanin content, soluble acid content and so on were conducted with the principal component analysis, and three key indicators were determined and evaluated as follows:1) The quality factor of fruit appearance: including hundred-fruit weight, L/D, fruit Transversum diameter, fruit Longitudinal diameter;2) Nutritional factor: including flavonoids, anthocyanins, salicylic acid, ellagic acid, soluble solids;3) Fruit-bearing factor: including self-fruitful percent, natural-fruitful percent, quantity of bearing branch.Four factors impacting quality of raspberry were determined by further factor analysis:The first factor: flavonoids, anthocyanins, soluble acid;The second factor: hundred-fruits weight, L/D, level of spine;The third factor: ellagic acid;The fourth factor: soluble solids.Thirty varieties were investigated with hierarchical clustering analysis and divided into 4 categories:First: R. idaeus L. var. vulgatus, Kelieduo, Summit, black raspberry. They have comparatively prominent features on anthocyanin content and ellagic acid content,'Kelieduo'is a representative raspberry species.Second: MS-2, Baernaoer, MS-1, Tulameen, Latham, Heritage,Fertod Zamatos, Meeker, Mei-22, Willamette, Australian red raspberry, Canby. They have prominent features on the number of fruit branches, salicylic content, ellagic acid content and the rate of natural fruiting,'Willamette'is a representative raspberry species.Third: Yellow raspberry-1, Golden Summit, yellow raspberry. This category is yellow raspberry series. There are comparatively prominent features on the number of fruit branches, soluble sugar content and soluble solids content, sugar-acid ratio is comparatively high, fruit is comparatively sweet.Fourth: Chilcotin, Coho, Number ten, Estate, Boyne, Killarney, Rerille, Nootka, Meite, Orus, Yellow raspberry-2. They have comparatively prominent features on, L/D, the rate of natural fruiting, level of spine, the number of fruit branches, hundred-fruits weight is comparatively weight, Spine is comparatively more,'Rerille'is a representative raspberry species.The optimal medium for the callus induction was: MS + 6-BA 0.1mg/L+2.4-D 2.0 mg/L, with 30g/L sugar, agar 4.92g/L, pH4.9-5.2; The induction rate was up to 100%. |
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