| With the promotion of rain shelter cultivation technology,the grape planting area in many places in Fujian has developed on a large scale.In recent years,it has been gradually introduced and cultivated in the middle and high altitude mountainous areas of Fujian.It has good local adaptability,and the fruit quality is better than that in the plain area.Delaying,prolonging the fruit market supply period,filling the market gap,and high economic benefits.However,the phenomenon of "cold spring" in spring in high-altitude mountainous areas has caused great damage to the grapes in the peaking and flowering period,and the phenomenon of large and small fruits often occurs during the grape fruit development period,which reduces the quality of grape products.Starting from the actual production situation,this study carried out corresponding technical researches on the phenomenon of large and small fruit and the coldness of spring.The purpose is to cultivate high-quality and efficient grapes in high-altitude mountainous areas in Fujian,improve the grape planting system in high-altitude mountainous areas in the south,promote green planting and cultivation,and promote high-altitude and high-altitude grape cultivation.The development of grape industry in mountainous areas.The main findings are as follows:1.Through the root cutting treatment at different depths and distances around the plant,the effects on the growth and phenological period of grapes in high altitude mountainous areas were studied.The results showed that the phenological period,growth potential and fruit quality of different root cutting treatments were significantly different from those of the control group(without root cutting).Among them,the30 cm wide annular groove was dug 40 cm away from the plant,and the groove depth was 40 cm,the germination period was delayed by 16 d,the shoot thickness decreased by 39.4%,the leaf area decreased by 66.5%,and the small fruit rate decreased by 47.5%,which was significantly lower than Control;soluble solids increased to 21.9%,anthocyanins increased to 412.34/μg/g,total sugar increased to 122.2 mg/ml,significantly higher than the control.Root cutting treatment can effectively delay the phenological period,weaken the growth of shoots,and improve fruit quality.2.Explore the effects of different pruning methods on the growth and development of grapes in winter in high-altitude mountainous areas,in order to delay the phenological period,avoid the coldness of late spring,and reduce the incidence of large and small fruits.The results showed that compared with the control group(short-shoot pruning),the thickness of new shoots,the proportion of large and small fruit,and the phenological period were significantly different in winter with medium and long shoots.The shoot thickness was reduced to 9.44 mm-10.10 mm,and the leaf area was reduced by 18 %-42 %,which effectively weakened the shoot growth potential.27.63 %,and the fruit clusters were uniform;the phenological period was delayed by nearly 7 d.The soluble solid content of the fruit increased to 20.84 %-21.86 %,and the titratable acid decreased to 0.42 g/ml.3.The research on the effect of application of different concentrations of environment-friendly ecological fertilizers on the growth potential and fruit quality of grapes was carried out.The results showed that the environment-friendly ecological fertilizer had a significant effect on promoting the growth and improving the fruit quality of the alpine Kyoho grape.Among them,D300 has outstanding effect,and the quality of single fruit is increased by 3%.The contents of soluble solids and anthocyanins in the fruit increased significantly,reaching23.31 % and 421.67 μg/g,respectively,which promoted the accumulation of sugar.The total sugar content of D300 treatment reached 163.57mg/ml,and the color index of the peel was significantly improved,and the average CIRG value reached 6.31.Comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment group D300 had the best effect on improving the growth vigor and fruit quality of Alpine Kyoho grapes.4.With the goal of "double reduction",explore the impact of biopesticides on viticulture in high altitude mountainous areas.Taking9-year-old Kyoho grape as the research material,the effects of different spraying times of biopesticide Artailin with a concentration of 0.1 % on plants were combined with chemical pesticides to reduce the application to seek the best application method.The results showed that the biopesticide Atailing could significantly reduce the plant susceptibility rate and improve the growth vigor of grapes.The difference between T2,T3 and T4 was not significant,but was significantly different than that of CK.Compared with the single application group T2-0,T3-0,T4-0,there was no significant difference in the disease susceptibility rate of T2-1,T3-2,T4-2 combined with chemical pesticides,and the fruit quality was significantly improved,with soluble content reaching 21.01%,20.93 %and 21.98 %,both higher than the control.According to the principle of optimal effect and minimal cost,applying 0.1% biopesticide atelin for 3times and reducing the application of chemical pesticide for 2 times is the optimal application method.5.Lay reflective film along the spacing between plants and rows,taking Kyoho grapes without reflective film as the control.The effects of laying reflective film on the microenvironment,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality of alpine grapes were explored.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth microenvironment,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality of the grapes when laying the reflective film compared with the control group.The laying of the reflective film significantly improved the reflected light intensity in the greenhouse.The maximum daily change was 8827 lux,which increased the temperature under the grape leaves and reduced the humidity in the greenhouse.The daily change of soil temperature was small,with a temperature difference of only 1.40 ℃,and the change trend was gentle.The actual photosynthetic efficiency Y(II),photochemical quenching qp and electron transfer rate ETR of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were higher than the control,and the highest values of the day were 0.549,0.985,and 25.781,respectively.In terms of fruit quality,the application of reflective film significantly improved the soluble solid content,total sugar content,and single fruit weight,which were 21.73 %,123.56 mg/ml,and 12.67 g,respectively.Laying reflective film can effectively increase the light intensity under the tree,improve the microenvironment of grape growth,promote photosynthesis,and improve fruit quality. |
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