Effects Of Combined Application Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer On Fruit Quality And Main Mineral Nutrition Of Grape

In this study,in view of the widespread problems of excessive application of chemical fertilizer and the decline of fruit quality in the fertilization management of grape production in China,the effects of different kinds of organic fertilizers instead of partial chemical fertilizers and application techniques on fruit quality and main mineral nutrition were studied.In this study,with the goal of producing high-quality fruit,the appropriate proportion and the best application position of organic fertilizer instead of part of chemical fertilizer were determined.The experiment took Jufeng of 5-year-old Beida rootstock as the research object.the effects of different organic fertilizers instead of different proportions of chemical fertilizers,only organic fertilizers in the whole year and different application techniques on grape fruit quality and main mineral nutrition status of plants(leaves and flowers / fruits)were studied.The preliminary results are as follows:(1)The effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the main mineral nutrition of grape leaves and flowers and fruits were as follows: the content of total nitrogen in leaves was the highest in the treatment of biological organic fertilizer instead of 50% chemical fertilizer,which increased by 18.8% compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer;the content of total phosphorus and total magnesium in leaves was the highest in the treatment of pig manure instead of 25% chemical fertilizer,which increased by 14.6% and 18.5% respectively compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer.The content of total potassium and total calcium in leaves was the highest in the treatment of sheep dung instead of 50% chemical fertilizer,which increased by 23.7% and 25.5% respectively compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,and the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total magnesium in inflorescence / fruit was the highest in the treatment of sheep dung instead of 50% chemical fertilizer.compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,it increased by 27.3%,8.4% and 41.5%,respectively.The content of total potassium and total calcium in inflorescence / fruit increased by 17.8% and 16.4% respectively compared with single application of biological organic fertilizer instead of 50% chemical fertilizer.(2)The fruit quality of each treatment was comprehensively evaluated by Topsis method.The results were as follows: sheep manure replaced 50% chemical fertilizer treatment,sheep manure replaced 75% chemical fertilizer treatment,sheep manure replaced 25% chemical fertilizer treatment > sheep manure replaced 25% chemical fertilizer treatment.The order of fruit quality of sheep manure and chemical fertilizer treatment was as follows: sheep manure replacing 50% chemical fertilizer treatment > sheep manure replacing 75% chemical fertilizer treatment > sheep manure replacing 100% chemical fertilizer treatment;According to different substitution ratio,the fruit quality of pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatment is in the following order: pig manure replacing 25% chemical fertilizer treatment > pig manure replacing 50% chemical fertilizer treatment > pig manure replacing 75% chemical fertilizer treatment > pig manure replacing 100% chemical fertilizer treatment;According to different substitution ratio,the fruit quality of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer treatment is in the following order: bio-organic fertilizer replacing 50% chemical fertilizer treatment > bio-organic fertilizer replacing 25% chemical fertilizer treatment > bio-organic fertilizer replacing 75% chemical fertilizer treatment > bio-organic fertilizer replacing 100% chemical fertilizer treatment;According to the 100% substitution of organic fertilizer in the whole year,the fruit quality of each treatment was in the following order: sheep manure 100% substitution of chemical fertilizer treatment,biological organic fertilizer 100% substitution of chemical fertilizer treatment,pig manure 100% substitution of chemical fertilizer treatment.(3)The effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the main mineral nutrition of grape leaves and flowers and fruits were as follows: when the fertilization depth was 20 cm 41 cm,the contents of total nitrogen,total potassium and total calcium in leaves,inflorescences / fruits treated with horizontal fertilization 30 cm / fruit were higher than those treated with 51 cm,while the horizontal distance of fertilization had little effect on the contents of total phosphorus and total magnesium in leaves,inflorescences / fruits,and when the horizontal distance of fertilization was the same,the contents of total phosphorus and total magnesium in leaves,inflorescences / fruits were slightly affected by the horizontal distance of fertilization.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,total calcium and total magnesium in leaves,inflorescence / fruit of 20-41 cm treatments were higher than those of 0-20 cm and 41-60 cm treatments.(4)The comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of vineyard with combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers by Topsis method showed that the order of comprehensive fruit quality from excellent to poor at different fertilization levels was: 30-50 cm > 51-70 cm,from excellent to poor at different fertilization depths: 21-40 cm > 0-20 cm > 41-60 cm;.According to the fruit index,the quality index of the combination treatment with 30-50 cm from the trunk and 21-40 cm(A1B2)from the trench depth was the highest,which was 0.67,and the comprehensive quality was the best and ranked first.(5)In summary,the overall comparison of sheep manure replacement rate of 50% treatment,biological organic fertilizer replacement rate of 50% and pig manure replacement rate of 25% treatment is better;organic and inorganic fertilizer application technology is 30-50 cm away from the trunk and trench depth 21-40cm(A1B2 treatment)treatment effect is better,recommended in production.