Research On Effects Of Formulated Fertilization On Soil Physicochemical Properties And Fruit Quality Of Kyoho Grape

Fertilization is the key technology in the process of grape cultivation,which is of great significance in plant growth,production of high quality fruit and improve soil sproperties of grapes.Taking 6-year-old trees of ’Kyoho’ grapes as test material in Sichuan Longquanyi District,through the determination and analysis of soil background value,according to 100kg per production grapes need to total nutrient and soil fertilizer and nutrient utilization,the amount of fertilizer was determined by 2000kg per mu,application of urea 50kg/667m2,55kg/667m2,60kg/667m2,monoammoniu phosphate 35kg/667m2,40kg/667m2,45kg/667m2,potassium sulfate 80kg/667m2,90kg/667m2,100k/667m2,and orthogonal design was adopted to set different balanced fertilization formula in order to study the effects of formula fertilization on soil physicochemical properties and fruit quality,contrasting with local routine fertilization.The results shows that:1.Formula fertilization could improve soil physical properties and increase soil organic matter content.Through the balanced fertilization,decreasing the soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity are available,both of them are small in rangeability.Due to formula fertilization,the soil bulk density changed 1.66 g/cm~3 to 1.61 g/cm~3-1.65g/cm~3 in 10-30cm soil horizon,the soil bulk density improved 0.02 g/cm~3 in CK;all treatments improved the soil porosity 0.52%-0.71%than background value in 10-3 0cm soil horizon after picking the fruit,all treatments increased 51.21%to 51.74%-51.93%in 30-50cm soil horizon after picking the fruit.By mixing the dry chicken manure 800kg/667m2 into the basal fertilizer,in 10-30cm soil horizon,the highest content of soil organic matter is higher 0.11%than background value,and the lowest content is higher 0.02%than background value after picking the fruit;The highest content of soil organic matter is 3.16%in 30-50cm soil horizon after picking the fruit,which improving 0.25%than background value.No significant effect of fertilizer to adjust soil pH,soil pH is on the decline;During the whole growth period,Treatment 7,namely urea 45kg/667m2 and quick-acting boron 5kg/667m2 in bud fertilizer,MAP 35kg/667m2 and urea 15 kg/667m2 in fruit expanding fertilization,potassium sulphate 80 kg/667m2 in coloring fertilizer,have a better effect in improving soil physical properties and increase soil organic matter content.2.Formula fertilization can maintain a balance in the soil nutrition elements,ensure grape plants growing and developing well.The rangeabilities of Kyoho grape in available N、available P、available K are 104.71 mg/kg-174.83mg/kg,17.02 mg/kg-26.52 mg/kg,95.62 mg/kg-138.64mg/kg in 10-30cm soil layer at the year,Formula fertilization promotes soil available nitrogen content at a higher lever,total phosphorus and effective phosphorus,total potassium and effective potassium content in the medium level;During the experiment,quicklime,calcium superphosphate,magnesium sulfate,ferrisulphas,zinc sulfate to give the same amount,the contents of them are no significant difference between all treatments,but the decreasing degree is slower than CK,Exchanged calcium and exchanged magnesium content are in the lower levels,effective zinc and effective iron content are in the higher level and higher than CK,and all of them can satisfy the need of the grape grow.Comprehensive the test results,Treatment 3,namely urea 35kg/667m2 and quick-acting boron 5kg/667m2 in bud fertilizer,MAP 45kg/667m2 and urea 15 kg/667m2 in fruit expanding fertilization,potassium sulphate 100 kg/667m2 in coloring fertilizer,improving soil nutrient effect is best,as the grapes to provide large amounts of nitrogen,at the same time,change the current situation where soil phosphorus and potassium deficiency,lack of other trace elements.3.Formula fertilization can improve the external quality of Kyoho grape.The weights of per spikelet and per berries of grapes are no signicicant differences between different treatments,maximum value in per spikelet and per fruit of grapes are 10.59g and 557.87g;Formula fertilization can improve the color of grape,the colors of grape are atropurpureus in formula fertilization treatments,except the color of grape is amaranth in CK;The reasonable formula fertilization can optimize Fruit shape index,Fruit shape index is 1.09-1.18;Treatment 9,namely urea 45kg/667m2 and quick-acting boron 5kg/667m2 in bud fertilizer,MAP 45kg/667m2 and urea 15 kg/667m2 in fruit expanding fertilization,potassium sulphate 100 kg/667m2 in coloring fertilizer,can improve the external quality of grape.4.Formula fertilization can improve the inner quality and mineral content of Kyoho grape berries.In synthetically,Treatment 7 have the best influences in improving the contents of sugar-acid ratio、total sugar、tss-acid ratio and declining the content of total acid,the varies nutrient contents are 26.57、17.5%、12.22%、38.04,increasing 22.10%、18.24%、4.0%、38.78%than CK,the content of all acid is 0.46%,declining 14.81%than CK.Formula fertilization have on significant influence in improving Vc content,all fertilization treatments are no significants differences with CK.Formula fertilization can improve the fruit mineral content.Formula fertilization can improve calcium 0.09g/kg-1.04g/kg,magnesium 0.02g/kg-0.37g/kg,iron 1.01 g/kg-7.34 g/kg,zinc 0.07 g/kg-0.62 g/kg,potassium 0.24g/kg-2.81g/kg than CK in Kyoho grape berries;It seems that Treatment 7and Treatment 9 have the best influence in improving the fruit mineral contents,what is same with the result in fruit inner qualities.The grapes berries is lack of magnesium,and the level of calcium,iron,zinc,potassium is lower,paying attention to the application of potash fertilizer and medium trace elements in grape garden is necessary.5.Formula fertilization can improve the efficiency of the grape economic of Kyoho grape.The fertilizer treatments have remarkable effect on grow premium grapes,income synergistic.Thereinto,Treatment 7 grape sales price for 7.2 yuan/kg,area yield 1970kg/667m2,are the highest annual earnings,9719.0 yuan;All treatments is 5341.0 yuan-9719.0 yuan in annual revenue,the annual earning is 4630.0 yuan in CK.