| Sheep coccidiosis is mainly caused by Eimeria.It is a parasitic disease with diarrhea,growth retardation and reduced feed rate of return.It is one of the main diseases that harm the health of lambs.At present,the prevention and control of coccidiosis is mainly based on chemical drugs.Although the prevention and control drugs of parasitic diseases are not banned at present,it is the demand of healthy mutton sheep breeding to seek chemical drug substitutes for the prevention and control of coccidiosis.The advantages of medicinal and edible Chinese herbs are edible,healthy,no residue and no drug resistance,which opens up a new idea for the treatment of sheep coccidiosis.In this study,Chinese medicinal and food homologous herbs were used to treat sheep coccidiosis,and the therapeutic effect was evaluated by the reduction rate of oocysts,immune indexes,body weight growth rate and the impact on intestinal microflora,so as to screen the Chinese medicinal and food homologous herbs with good effect and provide reference for green and healthy breeding of mutton sheep industry.1 Investigation of intestinal parasitic infection and identification of coccidioides in 6 sheep breedsIn order to understand the infection types of coccidiasis in sheep of different breeds,feces samples of Mongolian sheep,Duhan hybrid sheep,Australian dairy sheep,Dexel sheep,Landris sheep and Hu sheep were collected from Alxa,of Inner Mongolia,Zhoukou,and,Kaifeng,of Henan province,and Qiqihar of Heilongjiang province.The intestinal parasites of 1011 sheep feces samples were examined by washing centrifuge precipitation method,Lugo iodine staining method and saturated sucrose flotation method,and the species were identified according to the morphology of eggs or oocysts.Results: The total parasitic infection rate was 94.56%(956/1011),and the mixed infection rate was 26.41%(267/1011).A total of 6 categories of parasites were detected,including Eimeria,Amoeba,Strongyloides,Tapeworm,Giardia and Cryptosporidium,with infection rates of 90.11%(911/1011),43.92%(444/1011),22.45%(227/1011)and 0.39%(4/1011),5.14%(52/1011)and 14.45%(142/1011),respectively.A total of 12 coccidia species were detected in the four regions,the common coccidiid species of sheep in all 6 breeds are: E.ahsata,E.ovinoidalis,E.crandallis,E.intricate,E.pallida.9 species of Eimeria were found in Mongolian sheep,among which E.Crandallis and E.Granulose were the dominant species.12 species of Eimeria were found in Duhan cross sheep,among which E.ovinoidalis was the dominant species.A total of 7 species of Eimeria were found in Australian dairy sheep,among which E.ovinoidalis and E.Intricate are dominant species.A total of 7 species of Eimeria were found in Dexcel sheep,among which E.ovinoidalis was the dominant species.5 species of Eimeria were found in Landris sheep,among which E.ahsata,E.pallida and E.Ovinoidalis were the dominant species.A total of 12 species of Eimeria were found in Hu sheep,among which E.ovinoidalis was the dominant species.Conclusion: Intestinal parasitic infection is common in sheep in four regions,and coccidiasis are the dominant species with the highest infection rate.This survey provides a reference for the accurate pest control of sheep in livestock farms/households.2 Preliminary screening of the anti-coccidia effect of 5 edible Chinese herbs(1)In order to understand the anti-coccidiosis effect of 5 kinds of edible Chinese herbs,28 weaned lambs naturally infected with coccidia were randomly divided into 7 groups with 4 lambs in each group.The 5 experimental groups were fed Houttuynia cordata,Garlic,Portulaca oleracea,Oregano and Onion,respectively.The dosage of oregano was 10g/d for each sheep,and that in other groups was 30g/d for each sheep.The drug was administered continuously for 7 days.The other two groups,one was treated with diclazuril and another was control group without drug treatment.The efficacy and weight gain of each medication group were evaluated according to the coccidian oocyst reduction rate and negative rate,daily weight gain,relative gain rate,blood immune indexes and intestinal microflora before and after medication.Results: Houttuynia cordata group and Portulaca oleracea group had better effect.Results: at 7 days after treatment,the follicular reduction rate of Garlic group and Oregano group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.01).After 7,14 and 21 days of treatment,the reduction rate of oocysts in Houttuynia cordata group and diclazuril group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01).The daily weight gain and relative gain rate of weaned lambs in 7 and 21 days of treatment were higher than those in blank control group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05);There were no significant changes in serum Ig G,IL-2 and IFN-γ of lambs before and after treatment(P>0.05),indicating that the experimental drugs had little effect on the immunity of lambs.Through the analysis of intestinal flora,Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Onion can improve the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora of lambs.Based on the results of pre-test,Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea were selected for follow-up test.(2)Forty lambs weaned at 45 days of age were randomly divided into 5 groups: Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea groups and 2 control groups.The drug was stopped for 21 consecutive days.The relative reduction rate of oocysts,the rate of oocysts turning negative,weight gain and the effect on intestinal microflora were detected at different time points.Results: The relative reduction rate of oocysts in Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea groups was significantly higher than that of blank control group after 3 weeks of administration and 1,2 and 8 weeks of withdrawal(P<0.05),and the difference between diclazuril group and blank control group was extremely significant(P<0.01);There was no significant difference in the negative rate of oocysts in Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea group compared with the blank control group(P>0.05),and the difference between diclazuril group and blank control group was extremely significant(P<0.01).The average daily weight gain and relative gain rate of Houttuynia cordata,Portulaca oleracea group and diclazuril group were significantly higher than that of blank control group(P<0.05).The results showed that Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea could improve the species diversity and richness of intestinal microflora of weaned lambs,and the species diversity and richness were higher than that of the control group.At the phylum level,Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea increased the richness of Firmicutes and decreased the richness of Bacteroidetes compared with the blank control group.Compared with the control group,the richness of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was decreased in diclazuril group,the richness of Proteobacteria was increased in garlic group and diclazuril group,and the richness of Proteobacteria was decreased in Houttuynia cordata and Portulaca oleracea groups.At the family level,Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea groups increased the abundance of Spironaceae compared with the control group,while Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea groups decreased the abundance of Spironaceae compared with the control group.At the genus level,UCG-005 was the dominant genus in all treatment groups and the control group,while the abundance of UCG-005 was increased in Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea groups compared with the control group,while the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in all treatment groups was lower than that in the control group.By species difference analysis,the proportion of Firmicutes in garlic,Houttuynia and Portulaca groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),suggesting that Garlic,Houttuynia cordata and Portulaca oleracea groups can improve the richness of Firmicutes.Furthermore,the genus of Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group in Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The results showed that Houttuynia cordata,Garlic and Portulaca oleracea could improve the richness of Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group.This study provided an important reference for the prevention of coccidiosis infection and intestinal microflora of sheep by medicinal and edible Chinese herbs... |
