Research On Ecological Benefit Evaluation And Compensation Of Provincial Forests In China Based On Carbon Sink Function

Global warming caused by the rise of greenhouse gas content in the atmosphere is a serious threat to the survival of human beings and the healthy and sustainable development of social economy,and all countries in the world pay close attention to it.China,as everyone knows,is the world’s largest carbon emitter,which has put forward the goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060,and has undertaken a more severe task of reducing emissions and increasing sinks.The carbon sink function of forests cannot be ignored.However,because forest carbon sinks are quasi-public goods and have significant positive externalities,it is difficult to form an effective incentive mechanism in areas with abundant forest resources.At the same time,the climate change caused by the carbon dioxide emitted in the process of energy consumption has a negative impact on the surrounding areas and even the whole society.It has obvious negative externalities,and it is difficult to realize the effective allocation of resources.Therefore,in order to ensure the realization of the carbon neutrality goal,it is particularly important and urgent to promote carbon sink areas to give full play to the advantages of local resource endowments,increase forest carbon sinks,and force carbon source areas to protect forests and promote the development of low-carbon industries.In summary,this paper takes forest carbon sinks as the starting point to discuss the evaluation and compensation of forest ecological benefits between provinces.Based on public goods theory,externality theory,carbon offset theory and sustainable development theory,combined with existing relevant literature and research results,this paper evaluates the forest ecological benefits based on carbon sink function among provinces in 2018 by using literature analysis method,emission coefficient method,principal component analysis method and carbon compensation priority method,and comprehensively considers the background of carbon neutralization,carbon sink resource endowment between regions Based on the difference of social and economic development level and the carbon payment capacity and urgency of compensation between regions,this paper constructs a carbon compensation model,makes an empirical study on the compensation amount of forest carbon sequestration benefits between provinces,that is,the compensation priority order,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for forest ecological benefit compensation based on carbon sequestration function between provinces.This study draws the following conclusions:(1)There are significant differences in carbon sinks and carbon sink values among regions.Among them,Yunnan,Heilongjiang,and Inner Mongolia have higher carbon sinks and values,while Tianjin,Ningxia,Shandong,and Shanghai are less than the former.(2)There is a big difference between the carbon source and net carbon source in different regions.In terms of carbon sources,Shandong,Jiangsu,Guangdong,Shanxi,Hebei and other places have the largest carbon sources,while Beijing,Hainan,Chongqing,Gansu,Qinghai and other places are smaller;in terms of net carbon sources,all regions are positive,and the overall performance;(3)After the carbon sink correction coefficient is processed,the carbon sink per unit area is lower than the national average level,the carbon sink increases and the net carbon source decreases,and vice versa,the net carbon source increases.Among them,Gansu,Henan,Jilin,Yunnan and other places reduced the net carbon source by more than 10% of the original net carbon source,and Hunan,Qinghai,Chongqing and other places increased the most;(4)After the correction of the carbon sink compensation adjustment coefficient,13 regions including Sichuan,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,and Yunnan have changed from carbon deficit areas to carbon surplus areas;(5)After the correction of the carbon compensation coefficient,the social and economic conditions are superior to the national average level.Take on more carbon offset payments or reduce more carbon offset payments;(6)According to the priority theory of carbon compensation,it is concluded that the key carbon compensation areas are Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Yunnan and Guangxi,the key payment areas are Shandong and Jiangsu,and the remaining areas are non-key compensation and payment areas.Based on the above research results,the following policy suggestions are put forward:accurately improve forest quality and effectively enhance forest carbon sink function;do a good job in top-level design work,and give full play to the role of policy guidance;seize the opportunity of carbon neutrality and promote the development of low-carbon green industries;establish provincial Domain carbon digital database;make full use of publicity forms to enhance the awareness of the whole people to reduce sources and increase sinks.