| In response to the current global health challenges,there is an increasing demand for outdoor recreational activities that are beneficial for physical and mental health,such as getting close to nature,exercising,and sightseeing.As the main venue for outdoor recreation,urban parks urgently need to improve their recreation service capacity and health restoration potential.At present,research on the restorative effects of urban park mainly focuses on objective environmental factors,with less attention paid to the role of interactive factors between humans and the environment in recreation.As a product of the interaction between humans and the environment,recreation involvement is a representation of the degree of recreational investment.Some scholars believe that it has a positive effect on environmental restorative effects,but an in-depth exploration of its internal mechanisms of action is lacking.In order to fully understand the mechanism of restorative effects in urban parks during individual recreation,and to propose more targeted strategies for restorative environment construction and optimization,it is necessary to explore the impact of recreation involvement on the restorative environment of urban parks.This paper takes four urban parks in Chengdu as the research object and studies the restorative environment of urban parks combined with the recreation involvement theory.Firstly,by reviewing literature on the logical relationship between urban park environment,recreational involvement,and restorative effects,a theoretical framework for the restorative effects of urban parks from the perspective of recreational involvement was constructed.Secondly,a two-factor multi-level experiment on recreation involvement and landscape type was conducted,collecting physiological data,emotional data,and subjective restoration data to explore the impact of urban park landscape type and recreation involvement on environmental restorative effects.Then,the data of demography characteristics,park visit characteristics,landscape element characteristics evaluation,recreation involvement and subjective restoration evaluation was collected by issuing offline questionnaires to explore the impact of urban park landscape elements and recreation involvement on environmental restorative effect.Finally,based on the empirical research results,corresponding restorative environmental optimization strategies was proposed for different parks.The research conclusion is as follows:(1)There is an action path between recreation involvement and environmental restorative effect of "urban park landscape type/landscape elements → recreation involvement → restorative benefit".The urban park environment has an impact on human physical and mental restoration through landscape type and landscape elements.Recreation involvement can be used as an intermediary of restorative benefit,and individual internal factors have potential influence on recreation involvement and restorative benefit.(2)The landscape types of urban parks and recreation involvement have an interactive effect on subjective restoration(P=0.007).Under the condition of different landscape types,the influence of recreation involvement on subjective restoration is different.Under the conditions of waterfront revetment landscape(P<0.001)and sparse forest grassland landscape(P<0.001),recreation involvement has a significant positive impact on subjective restoration,while under the conditions of hard square landscape(P=0.894>0.05)and shaded dense forest landscape(P=0.835>0.05),recreation involvement has no significant effect on subjective restoration.(3)The landscape elements of urban parks have an impact on subjective restoration through the intermediary effect of recreation involvement.Among them,individual factors have a potential impact on recreation involvement and subjective restoration;Landscape elements have a positive predictive effect on recreation involvement and subjective restoration;Recreational involvement plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between park landscape elements and subjective restoration.The plant and facility factors in landscape elements can improve subjective restoration through recreation involvement,with plant factors(β=0.419)having a greater impact than facility factors(β=0.107).(4)In terms of landscape types,waterfront revetment landscapes and sparse forest grassland landscapes should be the key areas of attention for the restorative environmental optimization of each sample park;In terms of landscape elements,the overall performance of each sample park’s landscape element characteristics is good,but there is still significant room for improvement in landscape element characteristics such as water quality,hydrophilicity,sketch types,sketch layout,sketch style,and road width.This study explores the mechanism of the restorative effect of urban park from the perspective of recreation involvement,expands the leisure and recreation perspective of restorative environment research,provides new ideas for cross disciplinary research between restorative environment research and other research fields,and proposes optimization strategies for urban park restorative environment under the recreation involvement pathway,This provides a design basis for achieving the dual goal of enhancing the recreational service capacity and health restoration potential of urban parks. |
