Analysis Of Multi-Modal Travel Equilibrium Behavior Based On Bottleneck Theory

The prerequisite for rapid urban development is a good road environment.With the growth of urban economy and population,car ownership rises year by year,the demand for road access becomes higher and higher,and the road congestion problem becomes one of the important factors limiting urban development.Based on this,research on road congestion mitigation has received attention from many experts and scholars.This paper mainly analyzes the bottleneck travel behavior of commuters under multiple travel modes,further explores heterogeneous commuter travel,and explores the travel behavior of commuters and changes in total social costs after the implementation of road time-varying tolls to provide reliable policy support for alleviating road congestion in urban commuting bottleneck sections.Specifically,the main research work of this paper is as follows:Firstly,explore the equilibrium process of multiple travel modes on bottleneck road sections,introduce four travel modes: private car,shuttle bus,conventional bus and subway,and study the number of people traveling and the equilibrium cost of each travel mode during equilibrium.Based on the classical bottleneck model,the travel cost function of each travel mode is constructed by considering the in-vehicle congestion sensitivity coefficients of buses and subways,the cost of waiting time for vehicle arrival introduced by buses,subways and shuttles,and the bus stopping time,according to the nature of each travel mode.Taking a specific common travel scenario as an example,numerical simulation is used to find the internal equilibrium cost of each travel mode,the number of travel choices,the number of bus and subway departures at different times,and the total social cost.Secondly,based on the homogeneous commuters’ multi-mode equilibrium model,the homogeneous commuters are divided into two discrete categories of heterogeneous commuters,and the travel behavior characteristics of heterogeneous commuters under multiple travel modes are analyzed to obtain the equilibrium cost,departure rate turning point,and total social cost of the two categories,etc.Compared with the homogeneous commuters,the change in the number of commuters choosing each mode under the heterogeneous commuters is compared and analyzed.Finally,based on the above equilibrium travel behavior of homogeneous and heterogeneous commuters without tolls,this paper implements the congestion time-varying toll strategy for bottleneck sections to investigate the change of cost function and bottleneck evolution process after tolling under multiple modes,and obtain the total amount of fees charged during the whole peak hours.Through example analysis,it is found that the adjustment effect of bus fares is minimal.Implementing a combination of road congestion charging and subway fare adjustment can alleviate road congestion to the greatest extent,providing a theoretical basis for road pipeline operators to implement appropriate combination charging strategies.