Analysis Of Traffic Travel Behavior And Traffic Demand Management Based On Bottleneck Model

Traffic congestion problems have become more and more serious in large cities in recent years,which restrict the sustainable development of the cities.Advanced traffic demand management theories are important for alleviating traffic congestion.Travelers ’ travel behaviors play a vital role in the operation of the whole transportation system.Effective traffic management strategies can only be made with in-depth analyses of travelers’ behaviors.Traffic congestion often occurs at the bottleneck,especially in the morning and evening peak hours.The research of the bottleneck model will help people understand the law of the urban commuting problem,and thus has great significance in the alleviation of the traffic congestion.This paper mainly studies travelers’ departure time choice behavior in the bottleneck traffic network.The main contents of the thesis are summarized as follows:(1)The bottleneck model based on personal perception travel behavior has been studied.Based on their willingness to arrive early,travelers are divided into two categories:active travelers and negative travelers.Three possible situations have been considered based on travelers" personal perception.Travelers" travel choice behaviors are analyzed in detail and equilibrium is reached with these three situations.The numerical examples show that the departure time choice of the travelers is not only related to the proportion of each type of travelers,but also to the travel perceived size.(2)This paper studies the morning commute problem with heterogeneous travelers based on bottleneck model.It studies the travel behaviors of travelers with different value of time(VOT)in morning rush hours.Two kinds of roads are considered,highway with bottlenecks(including High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes)and ordinary road.Based on the equilibrium conditions of the bottleneck model,the critical value of the individual early schedule delay is deduced when the travelers choose the travel mode under different toll levels.In the case of lower toll level,the number of travelers with low VOT increases.When the toll reaches a certain level,even travelers with high VOT will choose the travel mode with the High Occupancy Vehicles.Numerical examples are presented to verify the results,which indicate that the appropriate setting of toll can reduce the total system travel time.(3)This paper studies the travel behavior of travelers in the two-mode bottleneck network.Firstly,it analyzes the influence of coarse tolls and subsidy on travelers’choices of travel mode and two kinds of tolls are chosen based on marginal cost pricing and average cost pricing.Secondly,by analyzing the congestion phenomenon in the subway station,the subway bottleneck model is established based on the characteristicsof the subway travelers.As a direct and flexible traffic economic instrument,fares can influence commuters’ behavior directly.Therefore,the implement of fare discount in subway bottleneck model can effectively change travelers’ travel choice behavior.Finally,the influence of the implementation of road pricing and fare discount strategies is studied on the two-mode bottleneck network.(4)The morning commute model is analyzed based on random characteristics.Due to various random factors,the free flow time is stochastic on road.Based on this uncertainty,this paper presents a bottleneck model with random travel time.According to the possibility of early or late arrival of the travelers with the same departure time,the departure time interval can be divided into three intervals.Based on the equilibrium conditions,the demarcation points of the three intervals are deduced.On the other hand,by considering the uncertainty of the departure interval of the subway,the relationship between the waiting time of the travelers and the departure interval is obtained.At the same time,the crowding effect in the carriage is taken into consideration for travelers’departure time choice behaviors.On the basis of these two modes,the morning commute model with random characteristics is formulated.The influence of stochastic factors on departure time and travel mode is analyzed emphatically.