Research On The Construction Of Landscape And Human Spatial Pattern Of Traditional Villages In Tongren,Qinghai

Traditional villages carry the wisdom and experience of the ancients in space construction,and continue the space view of the Chinese forefathers,which is "in harmony with heaven and earth and in accordance with nature".As an important carrier of Chinese traditional culture and the spiritual home of the Chinese nation,they are the key source of exploring the origin of culture and tracing back to historical memory.Tongren City,Qinghai Province,is located at the junction of Gansu,Qinghai and Sichuan provinces.The unique geographical environment and historical and cultural environment endow the city with unique regional scenery,which gestates the growth of many local settlements and makes them spread all over the river valleys and shallow mountains.This paper will take 27 traditional villages in five batches of Tongren City as the research object to explore the pattern,texture and spatial characteristics of traditional villages under the influence of regional landscape and historical and cultural environment,According to the spatial characteristics,the village construction methods can be further refined to provide a basic database for future research on the spatial pattern and construction experience of traditional villages in Tongren.Based on the research of village human settlements,domestic landscape and human space,this paper builds a research framework of "theoretical research-combing of regional landscape and human elements-case analysis of typical village spatial pattern-characteristics and construction summary of landscape and human space pattern of traditional villages in Tongren-modern inheritance strategy of village pattern",through literature review,field research,oral village history interview By means of multiple text and spatial comparison and mutual verification,the natural environment and historical and cultural information of Tongren region are combed in detail,and the distribution,type,pattern and features of settlements affected by landscape and cultural factors are summarized,and then four types of landforms are obtained,which are: near river prototype,near mountain prototype,near mountain and near river model,and near mountain and near river model;And nine types of village and temple patterns,specifically: riverside plain,one village and one temple,and village and temple separation villages;A village with mountains and plains,one village and one temple,and village and temple integration;Near the mountain plain,one village,one temple,and village temple separation villages;Near the mountain plain,many villages and one temple,and village and temple separation villages;A village with mountains and rivers,one village and one temple,and village and temple integration;Near the mountains and rivers,one village,one temple,and village temple separation villages;A village with mountains and rivers,multiple temples in one village,and separate villages and temples;A village with multiple villages and one temple and separated villages and temples;There are nine types of villages,which are based on the mountain,multiple villages and multiple temples,and separate villages and temples.By dividing the spatial types of traditional villages,combined with the local historical and cultural influence,select the traditional village cases covering four landforms,typical village and temple styles,temples and military cultural backgrounds,and analyze the historical pattern characteristics of the case villages from five aspects: site selection environment,spatial context evolution,spatial pattern factor mining,landscape and human spatial pattern characteristics analysis,and spatial pattern quantitative analysis.Based on the above carding of the natural and cultural environment of Tongren region and the spatial analysis of typical village cases,the common characteristics of the landscape and human spatial pattern of the village are summarized and condensed,and the construction methods of the landscape and human spatial pattern are further summarized in the following four aspects: "the spatial pattern of the village temple under the guidance of Buddhist culture","the pattern order of connecting with the sacred mountain","the ritual path of maintaining the village",and "shaping the border settlement space with culture",It is reflected in the four space construction experiences of "Temple Village ’Tancheng’ space construction under the guidance of Buddhist culture","Sacrifice the sacred mountain logo to shape the spiritual field","Settlement construction at the intersection of villages",and "Defense pattern construction of border settlements".Finally,according to the summarized theories,the paper puts forward the current practical difficulties faced by traditional villages in Tongren,and combines the practical problems to sort out the countermeasures,taking "protecting the spatial pattern of Buddhist culture settlement","protecting the spatial elements and signs of landscape humanity","protecting the original historical pattern and spatial sequence structure" as the spatial pattern protection strategy of traditional villages,and "creating the village cultural experience streamline" "Give full play to various forces to form a settlement protection model with religious heritage as the core" as the spatial pattern inheritance strategy of traditional villages in Tongren,with a view to finally realizing the protection and inheritance of traditional villages in Tongren.