| In response to the strategy of ecological civilization construction,ensuring sustainable socio-economic development and improving the well-being of urban and rural residents,the study of ecosystem service evaluation and its influencing factors has become a hot research topic both domestically and internationally,and remarkable progress has been made.However,the neglect of certain important influencing factors in the evaluation process of ecosystem services reduces the accuracy of research results.When exploring influencing factors,more emphasis is also placed on resource and environmental factors.Socio economic factors often use socio-economic statistical data to analyze the overall ecosystem services and socio-economic status of a region,and the integration with space is poor.Therefore,this article constructs a regional ecological space planning guidance strategy system that couples ecosystem services and socio-economic development with spatial differences as the core.This article comprehensively considers the data acquisition situation and the characteristics of climate,biology,terrain,and other factors in Wuhan City to select soil conservation functions,water conservation functions,and biodiversity maintenance functions for the evaluation of ecosystem service functions in Wuhan City.The use of net primary productivity and vegetation coverage data to correct the results compensates for the shortcomings of the water balance method in evaluating water conservation functions,which considers the same ecosystem as a homogeneous whole and ignores its quality differences.The evaluation of biodiversity maintenance function based on the habitat suitability index model considers human interference and environmental factors at the habitat scale,and improves the habitat suitability index system by increasing the area of the habitat scale and the connectivity and heterogeneity of the landscape scale;Then,using a geographic detector model,analyze the explanatory power of single and interactive socio-economic factors on ecosystem services in Wuhan,and explore the impact of different types of socio-economic factors on ecosystem services;Finally,based on the evaluation results of ecosystem service functions and the detection results of socio-economic impact capacity,three dimensions of ecological classification protection and utilization,ecological function zoning management,and identification of priority areas for construction and protection are provided to provide spatially targeted planning suggestions for Wuhan’s overall ecological protection and urban development.The research conclusion is as follows:(1)The areas with highest,higher,medium,lower,and lowest soil conservation function levels in Wuhan are 30.0 km~2,102.3 km~2,242.3 km~2,1063.0 km~2,and 7154.5km~2,respectively,accounting for 0.35%,1.19%,2.82%,12.37%,and 83.26%,respectively.The overall terrain of Wuhan is flat,and the relative differences in soil conservation functions are relatively small.The areas with high soil conservation functions are mainly high vegetation coverage forests located in areas with larger slopes in the northern,eastern,and southern mountains.The areas with highest,higher,medium,lower,and lowest water conservation function levels are 161.7 km~2,349.0 km~2,5419.6km~2,1341.0 km~2,and 1320.7 km~2,respectively,accounting for 1.88%,4.06%,63.08%,15.61%,and 15.37%,respectively.Due to the low rainfall in the north and high in the south,and the high evapotranspiration in the north and low in the south,the areas with highest water conservation functions in Wuhan are mainly mountain forests in the south and east,while the areas with higher levels are mainly mountain forests in the north.The areas with highest,higher,medium,lower,and lowest levels of biodiversity maintenance function in Wuhan are 493.8 km~2,1066.6 km~2,4531.4 km~2,1427.2 km~2,and 1072.9 km~2,respectively,accounting for 5.75%,12.41%,52.74%,16.61%,and 12.49%,respectively.The areas with a highest level of biodiversity maintenance function are mainly the core areas of high-quality forest habitats on the mountains in the north,east,and south of Wuhan City,as well as the composite habitats composed of shrubs,wetlands,farmland and other ecosystems closely surrounding large water bodies such as Liangzi Lake and the Yangtze River.The land use,food resources,and human interference in these areas can meet the survival needs of birds,but the habitats are clearly divided by transportation routes;The areas with higher importance are mainly forest land and farmland,which surround the areas with highest importance and serve as a buffer zone between habitat and human interference.The habitats with more important biodiversity maintenance functions in the north are large and concentrated,while those with more important biodiversity maintenance functions in the south are small and scattered.(2)Among the socio-economic factors included in the study,the economic factors of cities can only demonstrate the activity of economic activities,and cannot reflect the impact of human activities in detail.Moreover,economic factors cannot depict the impact of external roads,so the explanatory power of ecological services for economic factors is relatively low;The construction of service facilities is often limited within the development boundaries of cities,and there is a strong tendency to concentrate in the economic center,which has a relatively low impact on the utilization of urban ecological services;Although the density of bus stops representing traffic reachability can reflect the impact of roads and human beings to a certain extent,its station setting needs to consider the distance between stations,social fairness and other issues,which leads to the amplification of the impact proportion of roads,and the explanatory power is not high;The biggest impact on ecological services among socio-economic factors is the aggregation of humans and the extension of roads,which can reflect the significant differences in socio-economic development levels and better describe the impact of roads.Overall,the interaction of social and economic factors in Wuhan mainly results in a dual factor enhancement,with the highest explanatory power reaching 44.28%after the interaction of population thermal density and nighttime light intensity;The explanatory power of the interaction between electricity consumption density and GDP density is the lowest,at 30.21%.However,the increase in explanatory power after the interaction is not significant,and there is no significant advantage compared to single factors.This may be because socio-economic factors have a similar pattern in spatial distribution.(3)There are 370 biodiversity maintenance functional zones in Wuhan,distributed in the northern,southern,and central eastern parts of the city;1 composite functional zone,located in the East Lake Ecological Tourism Scenic Area of Wuhan City;1 functional area for soil conservation,located in Xiangyang Village,Jiangdi Township,Hanyang District;There are 51 functional zones for water conservation and biodiversity maintenance,mainly located in the northern and eastern mountainous forests.Some villages in Jiangxia District and Caidian District also belong to this type of functional zone;Other areas belong to areas without obvious dominant functions.The areas with highest and higher levels of ecosystem service function in Wuhan are 576.1 km~2 and1057.9 km~2,accounting for 6.71%and 12.31%respectively.The areas with highest levels of ecosystem service function in Wuhan mainly consist of high-quality forest land on the northern,eastern,and southern mountains,as well as composite habitats composed of shrubs,wetlands,farmland,and other ecosystems closely surrounding large water bodies such as Liangzi Lake and the Yangtze River.However,the areas with higher levels of ecosystem service functions are mainly part of the forest and farmland that serve as buffer zones,located on the periphery of high-grade forest and composite habitats.The priority of habitat improvement in Wuhan City is divided into seven levels from high to low,including first priority,second priority,third priority,...,and seventh priority.The areas are 824.7km~2,105.0km~2,51.5km~2,17.0km~2,3.5km~2,0.4km~2,and 0.01km~2,respectively.From the perspective of spatial distribution,relatively high-quality habitats are mostly forest land on mountains,and many of the areas that need to be prioritized for improvement are forest land and farmland close to mountain forest land.As the buffer zone of core parts facing human interference,the habitat quality is relatively low.In addition,there is an urgent need to improve the habitat quality of composite habitats around water bodies,and previous protection and attention to these areas have been relatively low,The main land type is farmland.The priority of Wuhan’s centralized construction is divided into seven levels from high to low,including first priority,second priority,third priority,...,and seventh priority,with an area of 440.6km~2,395.1km~2,208.2km~2,1348.5km~2,1909.4km~2,343.4km~2,and 1.1km~2,respectively.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the relatively rapid development areas are mainly located in the main urban area of Wuhan,the streets where the district governments of several peripheral districts are located,and the surrounding areas of several main roads.Priority areas for centralized construction at the first and second levels are mostly located in the periphery of the main urban area,while priority areas for centralized construction at the third and fourth levels are mostly spread along the roads,while priority areas for centralized construction at the fifth and sixth levels are mostly farmland. |
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