Research On Landscape Design Strategies For Community Parks In Fuzhou Based On Bird Diversity Enhancement

Urban community parks are one of the important spatial carriers for residents’ lives.Due to the limited land resources in the city,this smallscale and flexible green space form has gradually become an important trend in urban construction.At the same time,community parks can serve as stepping stones and small habitat sources in the urban ecological network,thereby enhancing its overall connectivity and achieving synergistic protection of biodiversity.Birds are one of the important indicators for measuring urban biodiversity.Increasing bird diversity is of great significance for improving the urban ecological environment.This article analyzes the main factors affecting bird diversity in Fuzhou’s community parks from three different dimensions: habitat scale,landscape pattern scale,and human disturbance.Based on the conclusions,this study explores landscape construction strategies for Fuzhou’s community parks based on improving bird diversity.The main research results are as follows:(1)During the study period,a total of 46 species of birds from 25 families and 9 orders were recorded.The Passeriformes order was the most dominant with the highest number of species.In terms of residency type,the most abundant were resident birds followed by wintering birds.According to feeding habits,omnivorous birds had the highest number of species,followed by insectivorous and aquatic plant-eating birds.The number of carnivorous and herbivorous birds was relatively small,and most of them foraged by picking up food.In terms of ecological groups,there were mainly six categories,with most of them belonging to the songbirds.(2)At the habitat scale,this study set up 78 sample plots in the park using systematic sampling to explore the factors affecting bird diversity.The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the richness and diversity of the tree layer and the richness and diversity indices of bird communities.The cover and diversity of the shrub layer had a weak positive correlation with the richness and diversity indices of bird communities.No significant correlation was found between the indicators of the herb layer and the diversity indices of bird communities.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to classify the bird groups in the sample park.A total of six major bird groups were identified,including G1 omnivorous group,G2 omnivorous-picking-tree group,G3insect-picking group,G4 carnivorous-tree group,G5 omnivorous-pickingground cover group,and G6 aquatic organism-eating group.Based on this,the vegetation application hierarchy preferences of each bird group were explored,and it was found that the number and quantity of birds in the tree layer were far higher than other vegetation layers,occupying a dominant position.The shrub layer had the fewest birds.In addition,the important values of common plants and plant habitat types in Fuzhou community parks were ranked to further explore their plant and habitat preferences for birds.(3)At the landscape pattern scale,correlation analysis was conducted between the landscape pattern indices of the sample park at the landscape level and type level and the diversity indices of the bird community.At the landscape level,the diversity index of the bird community was significantly positively correlated with TA(Tatal landscape area)and SIDI(Shannon’s diversity index).At the type level,forest land’s CA(Class area)and COHESION,as well as water area’s CA(Class area)and LPI(Largest patch index),have a significant positive impact on the diversity index of the bird community.(4)In terms of disturbance factors,noise measurements were carried out at various sampling points in the park,and a noise contour map of the park was drawn to divide it into three disturbance levels: high,medium and low.The results showed that most bird species preferred to distribute in areas with low disturbance intensity(45-55 d B).The moderately disturbed area(55d B-65 d B)was mainly inhabited by bird species with low sensitivity to noise.There were almost no bird species distributed in highly disturbed areas(over 65 d B).In addition,a survey of bird flight distances revealed that the startled flight distances of forest birds in Fuzhou Community Park were about 5-15 meters,while water birds had an average startled flight distance of about 30 meters.(5)Based on the above research conclusions,this study explores the landscape construction strategies for Fuzhou community parks based on improving bird diversity.These strategies include:(1)design goals and principles;(2)medium-scale construction strategies;(3)plant construction strategies;(4)water body construction strategies;(5)disturbance control strategies;and(6)community park bio-friendly facilities.The above strategies aim to further enhance bird diversity in Fuzhou’s community parks and promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.