Research And Optimization Design Of Tourist Perception Towards Bird Landscape In Urban Parks

Urban parks play an important role in maintaining biodiversity.In recent years,many scholars have begun to pay attention to the relationship between biodiversity and human well-being,and have tried to use relevant results to guide landscape design.Most research on the relationship between landscape and biodiversity starts with direct measures of biodiversity,and exploration of perceived biodiversity based on the subjective feedback of landscape experience is relatively scarce.Perceived biodiversity is directly related to the natural cognitive level,aesthetic preferences,and the characteristics of the landscape environment that the landscape experience is related to,and plays an important role in psychological health.This study selected 20 urban parks in Hangzhou as research objects,conducted bird diversity surveys,plant diversity surveys,questionnaires on bird landscape perception,and surveys on park attribute information,and collected a total of 486 valid questionnaires and recorded 11,336 observations of 118 species of wild birds.Through various analyses,including cluster analysis,generalized linear model analysis,and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis,the results show that:(1)The overall measured bird diversity level in urban parks in the western mountain and lake areas of Hangzhou is high,and the level of perceived bird biodiversity and bird landscape satisfaction evaluation by landscape visitors is also high,basically above 7.5 points.(2)The diversity of bird species is an important factor in the richness of the bird landscape in urban parks.Different bird species present different landscape effects in terms of color,sound,behavior,culture,etc.Rare and uncommon bird species can bring greater surprise and novelty to the landscape experience,increasing the satisfaction of visitors with the bird landscape.(3)Vegetation coverage is the main environmental factor that affects perceived and measured bird diversity,and the generalized linear model results show that it is positively correlated with both the perceived and measured number of bird species,with effect values of 1.02 and 0.42,respectively;The impact of water area on measured bird diversity is more significant than that on perceived bird diversity.(4)When the ratio of perceived bird species to measured bird species is close to 1,the landscape visitors’ satisfaction with the bird landscape is the highest.Factors such as the proportion of individual birds not perceived and common bird species in the park,vegetation coverage,landscape characteristics of bird species in the park,and park science popularization are related.(5)Landscape elements in parks significantly affect the perception and measured diversity of birds.Educational materials and facilities related to birds,forests and water areas,and bird soundscapes can greatly enrich visitors’ perception of the bird landscape.(6)In the optimization of the bird landscape in urban parks,strategies such as adjusting vegetation hierarchy,constructing diverse shorelines,creating birdcall spaces,and optimizing educational and promotional activities could enhance the creation of bird landscapes.This study conducted quantitative analysis and summarized the perception of visitors and the bird landscape in urban parks in Hangzhou.It proposed bird landscape optimization strategies that meet the requirements of both the landscape and ecological needs.The aim is to balance the relationship between bird landscape diversity and visitors’ perception needs,providing a reference for the optimization of bird landscapes in urban parks.