Study On Layout Analysis And Optimization Of Emergency Shelters In Xuzhou City Based On GIS

The safety of cities and residents affects the sustainable development of cities.With the accelerating process of urbanization,the continuous expansion of urban scale and population,and the frequent occurrence of various natural and man-made disasters,cities are facing severe security challenges.The planning of urban emergency shelters is to provide effective shelters for the city to meet the needs of the people in the limited time of emergency,reduce the losses caused by disasters,and improve the urban disaster prevention system.It has important research value.The site selection and layout theory of emergency shelters is based on the location theory of public facilities.Most of the current achievements are still at the theoretical level,mainly based on qualitative research,and there are few quantitative studies combined with actual cases.The evaluation of its layout rationality is still in the exploratory stage.Taking the central urban area of Xuzhou as the research case,this thesis attempts to explore the method of optimizing the layout of urban emergency shelters on the basis of the existing public facilities location model,and combines GIS technology to realize the research of visualization scheme,and establishes a scientific layout evaluation system,which provides method support for the study of the rationality evaluation of shelter layout.At the same time,an analogy study was conducted on cities of the same grade and characteristics,which expanded the universal principle of the layout of shelters in cities such as Xuzhou.The research results can enrich the theoretical framework of facility location theory,further verify the feasibility of combining emergency shelter layout theory,technology and demonstration,and provide method reference and theoretical guidance for similar cities to study the location and layout of shelters.This thesis sorts out the relevant construction specifications,defines the concept,category and planning principles of emergency shelters,and summarizes the current layout of emergency shelters in Xuzhou City according to the analysis of the current layout,accessibility and service capacity.There are problems such as unreasonable space,single type of place,and small number.Through the analysis of the applicability of the location model of public facilities,it is determined to build a fixed emergency shelter location model based on the set coverage model and the P-median model,and to build a central emergency shelter location model based on the maximum coverage model.The constructed model is applied to the layout planning of emergency shelters in Xuzhou City,and combined with GIS technology to solve.Finally,73 fixed emergency shelters are selected,including 8 central shelters,and the location layout optimization schemes of emergency shelters at different levels in Xuzhou City are obtained.At the same time,in order to evaluate the fairness and accessibility of emergency shelters,this thesis establishes six evaluation indexes,such as service area ratio,service population ratio and service capacity ratio,which can effectively evaluate the rationality of urban emergency shelter layout.The relevant research results of this thesis expand the theoretical framework and research system of the research on the location of public facilities.The location model of urban emergency shelters has been verified by examples to be scientific and effective.The proposed evaluation index can effectively evaluate the rationality of the spatial layout of urban emergency shelters and provide reference for the location and layout of emergency shelters.