Research On Suitability Evaluation And Layout Optimization Strategy Of Emergency Shelter In Y City

Major disasters have occurred frequently and in a variety of ways in recent years,which severely affected the safety of the residents’ lives and property.Governments at all levels have an unshirkable responsibility for how to deal with emergency disasters,reduce or avoid the damage and loss caused by them as much as possible,strengthen the ability to deal with emergencies,and implement social management and public services.The construction of urban emergency shelter is the main measure to settle the victims in public emergencies.The reasonable geographical space layout greatly affects the ability of urban refuge and disaster relief.Therefore,how to carry out scientific and reasonable layout and construction of urban emergency shelters,enhance urban disaster prevention ability,improve disaster prevention and reduction system,has been the focus of government and society ever since.By analyzing the relevant theoretical and practical research results at home and abroad,this paper constructs the suitability index system of urban emergency shelter based on multi-index comprehensive evaluation from the aspects of location factors,facility elements and so on.The suitability evaluation of the established emergency shelters can investigate whether the distribution of urban emergency shelters is reasonable and excavate the gaps in the allocation of disaster prevention and reduction in the city,so as to provide decision-making basis for the layout and planning of urban emergency shelters.The main content and accomplishments of the research are:(1)Related concepts of emergency shelters were summarized,and an evaluation index system of spatial layout suitability of urban emergency shelters was established based on relevant national standards and norms and research status at home and abroad.Thirteen indexes were selected from four aspects of safety,effectiveness,accessibility and functionality to construct the evaluation model of Y emergency refuge.(2)on the basis of quantification of evaluation index,the weight of evaluation index is calculated and the comprehensive suitability of emergency shelter is analyzed by combining AHP analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive method.According to the grades of suitable,more suitable,general suitable,less suitable and unsuitable,4 emergency shelters are suitable,15 emergency shelters are suitable,and 3 emergency shelters are not suitable.Among them,AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method verifies the applicability of GIS quantitative index to the suitability evaluation of emergency shelters.(3)The location-distribution model is used to optimize the layout of emergency shelters.After optimization,there are 127 emergency shelters in total,among which 35 of the original 38 emergency shelters are retained,and 92 new emergency shelters are added,including 60 short-term fixed emergency shelters and 21 medium-term fixed emergency shelters.11 permanent emergency shelters.(4)the GIS service area analysis technology is used to determine the relative relationship between the service scope of the optimized emergency shelter and the residential area.The results show that the optimized layout of the emergency shelter fills the gap of the existing demand for refuge and enhances the ability of emergency refuge in the ancient urban area.