Research On The Layout Optimization Of Village Settlements From The Perspective Of Equalization Of Basic Public Services

Promoting equal access to basic public services is an important measure to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas,between regions and between people’s living standards,and to achieve common prosperity.It is also a major task to comprehensively advance the rural strategy.For a long time,the state has taken the modernization of agriculture and rural areas as a major task in building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.However,at present,the land use structure and labor force in rural areas are significantly transformed from agriculture to non-agriculture,and the idle waste and hollowing out of rural residential land are serious.Coupled with the imperfect construction of rural infrastructure,the gap between urban and rural areas and between rural areas in terms of public services continues to widen,which cannot meet the needs of rural public services and hinders the comprehensive promotion of the rural revitalization strategy.As the central place for the supply of basic public services in a certain region,cities and towns can provide perfect environment,transportation,education,medical treatment,health and other conditions for rural residential areas,which greatly enriches farmers’ life content and improves their life quality.Therefore,by constructing a scientific and orderly system of towns and villages,promoting the balanced allocation of urban and rural public resource elements,giving full play to the gravitational effect of towns on rural residential areas,realizing the optimization and reorganization of spatial layout of towns and villages,and improving rural living environment,we can promote the realization of equal basic public services in urban and rural areas,and enrich the research perspective of rural residential areas.Promoting the construction of new countryside and urban-rural integration has certain reference significance.This study takes Wulian County of Shandong Province as the research object,focusing on the following three aspects: First,on the basis of in-depth analysis of the land use status,spatial layout and basic public service allocation status and existing problems of rural residential areas in Wulian County,an improved gravity model is established to quantitatively analyze the spatial interaction gravity between towns and villages,measure the accessibility and coverage of basic public services,grade the gravity of rural residential areas,and evaluate the central village and the general village.It provides the basis for optimizing the layout of village residents and realizing the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas.Secondly,by using the improved MCR model to simulate the process of rural residents’ point source expansion into the surrounding space,the "central village" determined by the improved gravity model is used as the source to construct the resistance system,calculate the comprehensive resistance value and the minimum cumulative resistance value,and partition the minimum cumulative resistance area.By combining the cumulative zoning results with the land use status and actual situation of Wulian County,the suitability analysis of the layout of township and village residential areas in Wulian County was carried out to determine the suitability zoning of township and village residential areas.Finally,the optimization principle of township and village residential layout in Wulian County is determined,the general rural residential layout is classified,and the direction of township and village residential layout optimization adjustment is determined by combining the weighted Voronoi diagram.Finally,with the goal of realizing the intensive land layout of township and village residential and the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas as the goal,the appropriate optimization strategy for different land types is proposed.The final significant improvement in the equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas and regions.Through the above research,this thesis draws the following main conclusions:(1)The distribution of rural residential areas in Wulian County is scattered.The residential areas cover a large scale,the differences between towns are large,the spatial distribution is scattered,and the consolidation potential is huge.The distribution of basic public services is unbalanced in terms of space,quantity and quality,showing the remarkable characteristics of three-level differentiation of "county-town-village" administrative level in terms of quality and quantity,and circular aggregation and distribution around urban residential areas in terms of spatial layout.(2)Construct an improved gravity model to measure the gravity between urban and rural settlements.Using SPSS software and K-means clustering method,rural settlements were divided into "central village" and "general village" according to the standardized results of gravity values.Among them,there were 331 central village patches,involving 22 villages;There were 9004 village patches in general,involving564 villages.The central village is close to the town,greatly affected by the functions of the town,and can fully enjoy the service functions provided by the government.The number of public service infrastructure is larger,the quality is better,the grade is higher,and the service scope is wider.Generally,rural settlements in villages are less affected by towns,and the connection between towns and villages is not close enough.(3)By introducing the improved MCR model,10 resistance factors were selected from the three resistance factors of terrain,location and land use to build a resistance system.The index was classified into five levels,and the weight of each resistance factor was determined by analytic hierarchy process.The minimum cumulative resistance score of the residential settlements in Wulian County was between 0 and51636.9.The I-V grade area showed a trend of spreading around with source as the center,and the northeast was lower and the southwest was higher.Topological relationship analysis,buffer analysis,map spot fusion and other techniques were used to superposition the resistance zoning results with the land use status map spots,and combined with the minimum cumulative resistance zoning results,the resistance zoning results were divided into five suitability zones: highly suitable area,more suitable area,general suitable area,unsuitable area and extremely unsuitable area.Among them,52.19% of the settlements were distributed in highly suitable areas and relatively suitable areas,while only 31.26% were distributed in less suitable areas and extremely unsuitable areas,showing an "olive" layout structure of "high in the middle and low on both sides" on the whole,and the suitability of rural settlements varied greatly among different regions.According to the suitability zone,the general rural residential areas were divided into the first,second and third rural residential areas,accounting for 61.33%,17.30% and 21.38% respectively.(4)Combined with the results of suitability zoning,the weighted Voronoi diagram was used to propose five layout optimization types,namely,local urbanization type,key development type,optimized consolidation type,controlled development type and village relocation type,based on the conditions of whether the influence areas of secondary and tertiary rural residential areas coincide with the influence areas of primary rural residential areas and whether the size of residential areas is greater than 1 hectare.According to the five types of layout optimization,the layout optimization strategies of township and village in Wulian County can be divided into two types: on site development type and village relocation consolidation type.The internal potential of the reserved rural residential land is explored,and the consolidation potential of rural residential land is 753.38hm~2,and the land scale of rural residential land is 4552.69hm~2 after potential release.In this thesis,344 dominant settlements were selected as the acceptance points of rural settlements,and the optimal resettlement direction was selected according to the influence area of Voronoi diagram.