Study On The Suitability Layout Of Basic Public Service Facilities In Urban And Rural Areas Of Plateau Pastoral Areas

The natural environment and population distribution pattern in the plateau pastoral areas of western China are vastly different from those in plain areas.The ecological conditions in the plateau area are fragile,and the transportation is inconvenient.At the same time,nomad have formed a regional grazing activity of "relying on the sky" since ancient times,resulting in the formation of a loosely distributed residential layout in this area.TakingThe natural environment and population distribution pattern in the plateau pastoral areas of western China are vastly different from those in plain areas.The ecological conditions in the plateau area are fragile,and the transportation is inconvenient.At the same time,nomad have formed a regional grazing activity of "relying on the weather" since ancient times,which has led to the formation of a loosely distributed residential layout in the region,and also led to the difficulty in achieving the concentration and scale allocation of public goods in rural areas.At the same time,this phenomenon of "vast land and sparse population" also leads to a small coverage of public service facilities arranged in cities and towns,making it difficult to meet the needs of the majority of herdsmen in terms of public services and supply.If the "level sequence" and "per capita indicator" are directly applied for configuration,this method will lead to the problem of blank allocation of public service facilities in peripheral areas.At present,China and various local provinces and cities have issued a large number of regulations and documents on the allocation of public service facilities.However,these regulations clearly indicate in the regulations that they are for the planning of densely populated rural areas and their areas,which is not suitable for areas with sparse population and low urban construction density;At the same time,the standard for public service allocation is a "thousand person indicator" determined by experience,but there is no clear regulation on the reasonable use range of public service facilities.These are all vastly different from the urban and rural characteristics of the plateau pastoral area in Geji County,Ali Prefecture,Tibet Autonomous Region.The current public service supply mechanism and methods in the region need to be supplemented.In view of this,this article takes Geji County as the research object,with the content of "education facilities,medical and health facilities,and cultural and sports facilities",to study the suitability layout of basic public service facilities in urban and rural areas of plateau pastoral areas represented by Geji County.Firstly,it is necessary to clarify the three major urban-rural development characteristics of the plateau pastoral areas,namely "economically backward","ecologically fragile",and "sparsely populated".Under the influence of this environment,the education,medical,and cultural facilities in Geji County have special spatial layout and limited service scope.Secondly,based on the basic principles of determining the suitability layout of public service facilities,an evaluation is conducted on the influencing factors of urban and rural resource allocation in plateau pastoral areas,namely "township spatial elements","ecological spatial elements",and "self construction and driving capacity of residential areas".The types of residential areas in urban and rural villages in plateau pastoral areas are determined,and corresponding types of public service facilities are determined for different types of residential areas;At the same time,the concept of "production and living circle" is introduced to determine the travel habits of herdsmen in pastoral areas,and urban and rural "production and living circles" based on resource allocation in plateau pastoral areas are designated as spatial references for the layout of public service facilities.Finally,according to the logic of "current situation problem analysis-suitability teacher table formulation-facility layout optimization",research will be conducted on the suitability layout optimization of basic public service facilities in urban and rural areas of Geji County,represented by educational facilities,medical facilities,and cultural and sports facilities.For educational facilities,based on clarifying the current problems of insufficient construction scale and limited spatial radiation range,the appropriate school setting standards for Geji County are determined by referring to relevant national and autonomous regional plans and standards,evaluating the differences in development levels of residential areas,and estimating the number of various types of students required for service in the county;Then,based on the number of students in the county and the school setting standards,further determine the number and scale of schools,and propose optimization plans for the current layout of educational facilities,including the introduction of a nine-year consistent school system.Based on relevant regulations and the actual situation of the county,after reasonably predicting the allocation indicators of medical service resources such as the number of beds and the number of doctors per thousand in Geji County,and based on the differences in the current development level and future potential of each township in Geji County,targeted and differentiated medical facilities are set up,and innovative medical allocation plans such as mobile medical facilities are proposed,To optimize the layout of medical facilities in urban and rural areas of plateau pastoral areas.In response to the problem of "fast construction speed but insufficient scale" in the construction of cultural and sports facilities in urban and rural areas,a combination of per capita area and minimum area is proposed to meet the needs of the residential population of low-grade and small-scale residential areas.It is also suggested that in addition to optimizing the layout suitability,optimization of facility configuration and environment is also proposed.After the above analysis,this article ultimately achieves the optimization of the spatial layout of urban and rural public service facilities in Geji County,with the goal of achieving efficient allocation and use of basic public services in plateau pastoral areas.