Analysis On The Temporal And Spatial Differentiation Of Resilience And Its Obstacle Factors In Northeastern Border Cities Of China

As the barrier and gateway of a country,the border will inevitably suffer the interference and impact of various events in the development process of this space.Especially in the historical process,the border area has played the role of defensive barrier against other countries for a long time.It can be said that the border has been sensitive and fragile since its formation.More attention is paid to the economy,trade and living environment in the border space.The border cities have become a bridge to convey economic and cultural exchanges and national image.At the same time,the border cities in northeast China have broad jurisdiction,large population and important strategic location.By virtue of their convenient location conditions and the fine industrial base of the old industrial base in northeast China,they play an extremely important role in the region and even at the national level.However,as a complex non-linear social ecosystem,cities in border areas may produce more risk factors due to geographical proximity,mobility among factors and loose connections between cities.All kinds of acute shocks and chronic pressures make the border city system complicated and difficult to predict.At the same time,the idea of resilience has evolved from resilience to economic resilience,providing new ideas and research paradigms for academia and planners,and the study of urban resilience has become an important link in the sustainable development of future cities.Therefore,in order to study the vulnerability problems that may exist in the northeast border cities and their adaptive resilience,this paper aims to improve the resilience of the northeast China border cities and achieve sustainable improvement of the resilience level of the cities in the future.The entropy-weight TOPSIS evaluation model was used to study 14 prefecture-level cities in 2010,2015 and 2020,including eastern Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Jilin and Liaoning in the northeast of the broad sense(the Greater Khingan Mountains region is difficult to carry out research due to the lack of data and complicated planning and jurisdiction of builtup areas due to the statistical caliber.The actual sample size is 13 cities in the Northeast border area),and a "basic-exclusive" border city resilience evaluation system is constructed,and an index system is established on the basis of its logical relationship.Moreover,the spatial and temporal pattern evolution and evolution trend type characteristics of the resilience of Northeast border cities are discussed by using the visualization results obtained by the Arc GIS10.2software.Secondly,the obstacle degree model is used for empirical analysis to obtain the main toughness obstacle factors of each city.Finally,based on the analysis reasons,combined with the toughness evaluation results,targeted strategy suggestions are proposed.The main process,results and conclusions are as follows:(1)The theoretical framework and the unique "basic-exclusive" resilience evaluation index system for the resilience research of border cities are proposedIn extensive collection,reading,absorption,draw lessons from predecessors on the basis of the rich research results,analyze the emphasis on related research on urban resilience at home and abroad and its theoretical method,this paper puts forward about the concept of the northeast border city resilience,characteristics,attributes,framework and other theoretical sources are based on this,the context of the city resilience core connotation definition.On the basis of clarifying the connotation of border city resilience,combined with the reality of the development of northeast border cities mining resilience influence factor,based on the basic resilience of Chinese cities and the exclusive resilience of northeast border special dimension,from economic-social,ecological facilities,opening to the outside world-neighboring environment,contact strength-border tourism level construction evaluation system,the combination of the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods.(2)The spatial and temporal pattern of China northeast border cities is analyzed(1)Spatial distribution characteristics of resilience level: Northeast border cities are of medium resilience,with large differences between regions and cities,and cities have high resilience level.Dandong,Mudanjiang,Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Jiamusi cities have high resilience with low basic toughness and low border location advantage,such as Hinggan League,Heihe,Yichun and Baishan,showing overall "concentrated contiguous" distribution.(2)Time evolution characteristics: the resilience of border cities in northeast China increased rapidly from 2010 to 2015,especially in the western areas including Hulunbuir and Heihe;the improvement effect was poor from 2015 to 2020,with the exception of Mudanjiang and Jixi in the eastern area,the other cities were Hegang and Baishan,and the overall toughness improved over time.(3)Evolution trend characteristics: in the first period from 2010 to 2015,7 cities were larger than the annual average of resilience in Hulunbuir,Heihe,Yichun,Mudanjiang,Yanbian Prefecture,and Dandong showed upward divergence;in the second period from 2015 to 2019,only the 10 border cities were below the upward trend,the remaining 9 cities were upward away from the overall average of resilience,showing upward divergence.During the past decade,it can be seen that the cities in the region mainly evolved upward,and the resilience evolution characteristics of cities in northeast Heilongjiang province and Baishan City and Tonghua City in Changbai Mountain Mountains fluctuated greatly.(3)Explore the obstacles in the process of improving the resilience of China’s northeast border citiesThe difference in resilience level among the border cities in northeast China is the result of the complex effects of multiple factors,and the disadvantage of a certain aspect has a great impact on the overall improvement.The results obtained by the barrier model show: city size,development potential,economic structure,residents’ living security and environmental governance capacity are the main factors restricting the improvement of the basic resilience of northeast border cities.The lack of national policy support and poor development level of neighboring countries become the high obstacle factors for the exclusive resilience of cities.(4)Put forward countermeasures to improve the resilience of China’s northeast border cities through practical advantagesIn order to give full play to the regional advantages and cultivate the characteristic industries of each city,the development strategies of three border cities of comprehensive city,border trade city and tourism city are given respectively.For comprehensive cities,strengthen the connection between border cities,drive the border cities;for border trade cities and tourism cities,promote strengths and avoid weaknesses,improve government management efficiency,improve supporting facilities such as transportation and service,and make full use of rich port and tourism resources.