How Landscape Complexity Of Campus Green Spaces Are Associated With College Student’s Physical And Mental Health

As a special social group,college students are in the critical period of development from adolescence to adulthood.During this period,with the credit system implemented in colleges and universities,the rising cost of education,the increasing burden on families,the early maturity of children,and the fierce competition in the workplace,students in many colleges and universities are being subjected to a variety of external,internal,family,social,workplace,duty,and career pressures of a complex nature.These pressures will have profound effects on college students’ psychological,physical and behavioral aspects.Green landscape can promote the body to release stress and restore attention.Restorative landscape applications have expanded from the initial outdoor spaces of hospitals to include non-medical landscape spaces such as workplaces,adjacent streets,urban open spaces and campuses where most people are located.As an important restorative vehicle for high pressure groups like students,campus green spaces have become a current research hot spot on how to create healthy campus environments.Most of the existing domestic and international studies on landscape and resilience have focused on urban parks,green ways and community green spaces,and the extent to which the complexity of campus green space landscape affects the resilience potential of the population needs to be studied in depth.Applying the concept of landscape restorative to the physical and mental recuperation and recovery of college students is the trend of campus-related construction in the future.Current environmental perception methods based on abstract description and psychology have certain drawbacks,while with the development of cognitive neurology,wearable sensor technology and biological signals data analysis technology,it becomes possible to measure real-time environmental emotional feeling evaluation through wearable sensors.This study relies on experimental methods to represent real-time environmental emotion perception through physiological measurement techniques such as ECG sensors and EEG sensors,based on the use of a scale to represent human perception of the environment.This study reflects the complexity of campus green space landscape through three indicators: biodiversity,number of people and number of landscape elements.Twenty-seven types of virtual reality landscape green spaces of different complexity established by biodiversity,number of people and number of landscape elements were constructed,and the recovery effects of emotional signals(S-AI scale),physiological signals(heart rate and blood pressure)and electroencephalographic signals(EEG)were tested in the field for college students(n=68,age M=22.48,SD=2.15)before and after observation in the virtual space sample to investigate the effects of different degree of complexity of campus green space landscape in relation to physical and mental health of college students.The study found that.(1)the complexity of campus green space landscapes was significantly associated with physiological signals(heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure),emotional signals(calm,nervous,disturbed,relaxed,contented)and EEG signals(boredom,attention,visual attention,cognitive stress,engagement,excitement,interest,relaxation,stress).Higher biodiversity and a larger number of landscape elements are more effective for human healing,while higher biodiversity and more landscape elements also lead to an increase in cognitive stress;smaller crowds are more effective for human healing,but the recovery effect is significant when there are small crowds than when there is no one.(2)The recovery of physiological signals was significantly correlated with emotional signals.That is,the better the emotional recovery,the more obvious the upward trend of physiological signal recovery.This indicates that psychological recovery is consistent with physiological arousal.(3)The use of VR devices to view panoramic photos of green areas of different complexity can effectively enhance the level of emotional state and facilitate the arousal and recovery of various indicators,even though some recovery indicators of individual models did not reach significant levels,they all showed a certain recovery trend.However,the VR environment gradually reduced the effect on EEG with the passage of time.(4)The results of this study suggest the following recommendations for the application of landscape complexity in campus green spaces: establishing highly restorative campus green spaces requires increasing the biodiversity within the environment,paying attention to plant levels and reasonable color matching;establishing as many interesting landscape vignettes and perfect basic public facilities as possible,while at the early stage of campus environment establishment,path planning should be done well,paying attention to crowd evacuation and avoiding as much as possible peak The campus planning should pay attention to the zoning design,the learning space such as teaching buildings and leisure and living space should pay attention to the difference in design,if the number of biodiversity and landscape elements is too high,it will ring the learning efficiency and attract students’ attention excessively,so the green space design of learning space should be simple and generous to avoid interesting landscapes.By scientifically applying the findings of all campus green space complexity on the physical and mental health of college students according to different needs to the actual design,it helps to create a healthy campus landscape with the most positive effect on the physical and mental health of college students.