The Ecological Environment Effect And Mechanism Of Land Use Function Transformation In Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area From The Perspective Of Production-Living-Ecological Space

With the reform and opening up,the economy of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has changed from rapid development to high-quality development,and land development and utilization has changed from disorderly expansion to intensive use.With the acceleration of urbanization,the land use structure of the ecological-production-living space in the bay area has undergone dramatic changes.The expansion of construction land has encroached on cultivated land and forest land,and has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems such as regional water shortage,air pollution,and biodiversity reduction,which has brought great challenges to the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the land use change of the production-living-ecological space in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1980 to 2020,this study measures the ecological environment index and ecosystem service value of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to comprehensively analyze the ecological environment of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Finally,the influencing factors of the ecological environment effect of land use change and the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value are clarified.The main conclusions are as follows :(1)The characteristics of land use transformation from the perspective of productionliving-ecological space.The area of agricultural production land,forest ecological land,grassland ecological land and other ecological land decreased.The area of construction and production land,urban living land,rural living land and water ecological land increased.In the early stage of the study,the construction and production land and urban living land expanded greatly.In the later stage of the study,the expansion rate of construction and production land slowed down,and the urban living land shrank slightly,indicating that the urbanization rate slowed down.The expansion of construction and production land and urban living land mainly occurs in low terrain level areas.(2)Changes in landscape pattern index.The study area needs more land due to the strengthening of human activities,resulting in landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity enhancement.The patch shape inside the landscape tends to be simple from complex,which proves that human beings gradually develop and utilize land resources in an orderly manner.The landscape types in the study area show a diversified trend and the landscape patches tend to be evenly distributed,and there is no landscape advantage type.(3)Changes in the ecological environment.The ecological environment index of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area continued to decline.The ecological environment index shows a spatial distribution of high in the east and west and low in the middle.The ecological environment index of each city is significantly different,and the ecological environment quality of Huizhou,Jiangmen and Zhaoqing is better.From the perspective of the ecological environment effect reflected by the change of ecosystem service value caused by land use transformation,the ecosystem service value of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area showed a trend of gradual increase and then continuous decrease.These two show that the quality of regional ecological environment has declined to a certain extent.(4)The ecological environment effect of land use transformation in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.In the early stage of the study,the trend of ecological environment improvement in the study area was greater than that of ecological environment deterioration,and the conversion of cultivated land to water area was the main reason for the improvement of ecosystem service function.In the later stage of the study,the trend of ecological environment deterioration in the study area is greater than the trend of ecological environment improvement.The large increase of construction land area has become the main reason for the deterioration of ecosystem function at this stage.(5)Driving force analysis of spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Human activity impact index is the dominant factor affecting the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value in GuangdongHong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.The explanatory power of the interaction of any two driving factors is greater than that of a single driving factor,indicating that the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is the result of multiple influencing factors.