Research On Efficiency Measurement And Collaborative Optimization And Upgrading Of The Whole Ship Industry Chain In China

With the implementation of a series of development policies such as “Strong Ocean State” and “Blue Economy”,China’s marine economy has developed rapidly,and the ship industry chain,as an important part of the marine economy,has also ushered in important development opportunities.However,China’s ship industry chain has accumulated a lot of problems in the process of development.The rapid expansion of industry scale at the early stage of development and long-term sloppy operation have led to excess capacity at the low end;slow upgrading of industrial structure,weak independent innovation ability,lack of competitiveness in the market of high value-added vessels such as liquefied natural gas vessels and luxury cruise ships;unbalanced development within the industry chain,and the supporting ability of marine equipment cannot catch up with shipbuilding ability,etc.These problems have hindered the transformation and upgrading of the industry chain.Therefore,in order to fully seize the development opportunities,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the development of the ship industry chain,explore the shortcomings of the industry chain and propose targeted optimization and upgrading countermeasures,so as to promote the high-quality development of the industry chain.This paper mainly conducts research on the ship industry chain from three aspects.According to the theory of industry chain and relevant researches of scholars,this paper sorts out the components of upstream,midstream and downstream of China’s ship industry chain,and selects 63 listed enterprises whose main business is closely related to the industries of each link of the industry chain as the research objects,based on the annual report data of listed enterprises from 2011 to 2019,and conducts research on the ship industry chain from the micro level.This paper first measured the comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the industry chain as a whole and each link using the three-stage super-efficiency slacks-based(SBM)model.After the research,this paper finds that the actual efficiency level of each link of the ship industry chain in China is low and influenced by the external environment.The efficiency development of each link of the industry chain is unbalanced,and the midstream efficiency lags far behind the upstream and downstream,which is where the short board of the industry chain efficiency lies.The reason that hinders the development of industry chain efficiency is the low level of scale efficiency,while the improvement of industry chain efficiency mainly relies on the development of pure technical efficiency.Therefore,filling the shortcomings of efficiency,optimizing industrial structure and strengthening technological innovation are the basis for enhancing the resilience of industrial chains and improving the overall efficiency of industrial chains.Secondly,this paper analyzes the temporal development trend and spatial agglomeration characteristics of China’s ship industry chain efficiency from micro level by using Kernel density estimation method,Markov chain model and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to grasp the historical development law and development characteristics and explore the ways to improve the industry chain efficiency.It is found that most of the enterprises in China’s ship industry chain are at low and medium efficiency level,while a small number of enterprises are at high efficiency level,and the development trend of polarization exists between low efficiency enterprises and high efficiency enterprises.The low and medium efficiency enterprises lack the vitality of efficiency improvement,and it is difficult to break the deadlock of efficiency development by their own development.In addition,there is a significant spatial autocorrelation of the efficiency of the ship industry chain between regions,and a variety of spatial agglomeration types are formed between different regions.Therefore,giving full play to the advantages of industrial spatial agglomeration is an important way to crack the problem of “inefficient locking” of industrial chain.Furthermore,this paper uses the composite system synergy model to divide the industrial chain into upstream subsystem,midstream subsystem and downstream subsystem,and constructs an indicator system at the micro level of the industrial chain to study the level of collaborative development between various links of the industrial chain in 2015-2019.The results show that the priority of order parameter development of each subsystem of China’s ship industry chain is different,and the midstream and downstream subsystems pay more attention to R&D and innovation.The combination of elements within each subsystem is still in the stage of continuous adjustment,and a stable combination structure has not been reached,which leads to the instability of the orderly development of the subsystem itself and obvious fluctuations in some years.The development trend of the order degree of each subsystem is inconsistent,and there are differences in the development level,and the development imbalance exists between the midstream subsystem and other subsystems,which leads to the low degree of coordination of the entire industrial chain,and the coordinated development status is unstable,and the development trend is not ideal.Therefore,in order to improve the coordinated development of the industrial chain,the first is to adjust the combination of elements within each subsystem to achieve a stable development state.The second is to balance the pace of development among subsystems of the industrial chain and enhance synchronization.Finally,aiming at the problems existing in the process of industrial chain efficiency and collaborative development,this paper proposes the optimization and upgrading path to promote the efficient collaboration of the ship industrial chain and the countermeasures for the optimization and upgrading of the industrial chain.