Research On The Restorative Effects Of Different Landscape Types On Users In Urban Parks In Guiyan

With the rapid development of urbanization,the pace of life for urban residents is accelerating,and people are facing more and more pressure from life,study,and work.Therefore,there is an urgent need for effective ways to alleviate physical and mental pressure and maintain physical and mental health.Contact with the natural environment has a positive effect on people’s physical and mental health.As an important part of urban green space,city parks are important places for urban residents to contact the nature,relax their body and mind,and relieve pressure.To study the effect of urban park landscape on the recovery of urban residents’ physical and mental health,provide theoretical reference for urban park restorative landscape planning and design,and create restorative landscapes,Maintaining the physical and mental health of urban residents is of great significance.Guiyang City is mainly characterized by karst landforms and rich in mountain,river,and vegetation resources.Since the implementation of the "Thousand Garden City" construction action plan in 2015,660 new types of parks have been built,and the total number of parks in the city has reached 1025,presenting a good ecological pattern of "city in the park,park in the city".However,there is still a lack of research on whether the urban park landscape in Guiyang can meet the physical and mental health recovery needs of residents,and how to construct high-quality restorative landscapes.Therefore,based on the theory of environmental restoration,taking 9representative urban parks in Guiyang as research samples,and according to the type of land cover,Water activities form and vegetation structure(canopy density),this study divides the landscape of urban parks in Guiyang into gray space,still blue space,dynamic blue space,open green space,partly open green space,partly closed green space,and closed green space.7 landscape types in total.164 urban residents aged 10-81 were selected as the subjects and divided into four groups based on age: minors(10-17 years old),young people(18-45 years old),middle-aged people(46-59 years old),and elderly people(≥60 years old).Evaluate the restoration effect of urban park landscapes using a combination of objective physiological indicators(EEG α1,α2,β1,β2)and subjective psychological questionnaires(Perceived Restorativeness Scale,PRS);By conducting a survey questionnaire,participants’ landscape preferences and willingness to engage in activities for 7 types of landscapes were statistically analyzed,and their relationship with restoration effectiveness was explored;Finally,based on the restoration effects of seven landscape types and the landscape preferences,activity willingness,and activity preferences of the participants,optimization design suggestions for each landscape type are proposed,providing reference for the restorative landscape design of urban parks in Guiyang.The research results are as follows:(1)The urban park landscape in Guiyang City has the effect of promoting the recovery of people’s physical and mental health.In terms of physiological and physical health recovery,after watching videos of 7 landscape types,the subjects’ brainwaves α1,α2 Significant improvements,β1,β2 significantly decreased,indicating that all 7 landscape types have the effect of alleviating physiological stress;In terms of mental health recovery,except for closed green spaces,the PRS scores of the other six landscape types are all positive,indicating that they have the benefits of promoting people to alleviate psychological stress and restore directional attention.(2)There are differences in the restoration effects of seven landscape types.Overall,the order of restoration effectiveness from strong to weak is: dynamic blue space,sill blue space,half open green space,half closed green space,open green space,gray space,and closed green space.There are differences in the restoration effectiveness of the seven landscape types for the four age groups,but they are not significant.(3)The landscape preferences and activity willingness of the participants for the seven types of landscapes,from strong to weak,are as follows: dynamic blue space,still blue space,half open green space,open green space,half closed green space,gray space,and closed green space.In terms of activity preferences,the participants had the strongest willingness to engage in sports activities such as walking and fitness,followed by psychological activities such as meditation and relaxation,and the weakest willingness to engage in social activities.(4)There is a significant positive correlation between landscape preference,activity willingness,and the restoration effect of physiological and psychological health.This indicates that landscapes with higher levels of landscape preference and activity willingness have better restoration effects.In the future landscape planning and design of urban parks in Guiyang,attention should be paid to the creation of blue spaces rich in water bodies,increase the half open green spaces with a canopy density of 11%-30% and the half closed green spaces with a canopy density of31%-70%,and appropriately reduce the number of open green spaces with a canopy density of ≤10%,closed green spaces with a canopy density of ≥71% and gray spaces,When creating restorative landscapes in urban parks,the design can be based on the activity preferences of the main users of different landscape types.