Spatial Evolution,Mechanism,Characteristics And Enlightenment Of Primary Schools In American Cities

Since the concept of "child-friendly cities" was proposed in 1996,relevant research and construction have been carried out all over the world,and more than 400 cities have been certified as child-friendly cities.As China has entered a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,people’s needs for a better life are growing,including the pursuit of high-quality urban space.Primary school space is the main space for children’s daily life and learning,and it is also an important part of childfriendly urban space.With the popularization of compulsory education,the primary school space in China has formed a certain pattern.In order to further improve the quality of primary school space,it is necessary to study the layout and optimization strategy of primary school space.The United States has a number of child-friendly cities(Boston,Los Angeles,Seattle,San Francisco,San Diego,etc.).What about the construction of elementary school space in these cities? What are the lessons?Starting from the above problems,this paper studies the spatial characteristics of public elementary schools in large American cities,which is mainly divided into four parts.(1)The spatial evolution of American primary schools: The development history of American primary schools in more than 300 years is sorted out,divided into five stages of transplantation,embryonic,development,progress and reform,and the development characteristics and spatial changes of American primary schools in different stages are summarized.(2)The formation mechanism of space in American primary schools: The formation mechanism of space in American primary schools is traced from different perspectives,including the change of educational concepts and methods,the issuance of relevant educational regulations and facilities guidelines,the development of primary education funds and the change of architectural design ideas,and the role of the four in the evolution process is discussed.(3)Spatial characteristics of primary schools in the United States: First,the distribution characteristics at the "macro level".Primary schools are in the system of school districts,which cover a certain range of services.The government of the school district will provide transportation tools beyond the scope.The school bus in the United States has a traffic priority,its route formulation needs to be completed in accordance with relevant regulations.Second,the layout characteristics of "micro level" :(1)the student scale is small,the land scale is large,which ensures the per capita area of students;(2)Detailed planning of the transportation system can ensure the safety of students’ access;(3)The architectural form,orientation and combination are flexible and changeable,with rich spatial experience;(4)The activity venues have various functions,including sports venues,amusement venues,multi-functional lawns and gardens,etc.,to meet the needs of students’ physical and mental growth;(5)It is designed jointly with surrounding public service facilities to meet the daily needs of students.(4)Taking Wuhan as an example,this paper expounds the spatial characteristics and problems of public primary schools in big cities of China,and puts forward corresponding optimization strategies in terms of school district scope,student size,transportation organization,architectural form,activity site,and surrounding supporting facilities.Through the above research,this paper hopes to contribute to the refined development of disciplines,improve the theory of child-friendly cities,and promote the construction and renewal of primary schools under the new situation.