| In order to meet the needs of citizens for sports and fitness and create a 15 minute fitness circle,cities such as Guangdong and Chongqing have begun to build community sports parks.However,due to the lack of reasonable planning and design of some parks,the utilization efficiency of the parks is different.Chongqing is a typical mountainous city with complex topographic changes.The land conditions of community miniature sports parks are limited.How to build dynamic and high-quality parks has attracted the attention of many scholars.From the perspective of "quality" and "quantity" of improving the vitality of community miniature sports park,this paper takes 92 community sports parks built in the main urban area of Chongqing as its research object,selects 9 representative community miniature sports parks for in-depth investigation,comprehensively analyzes the environmental and activity characteristics of the parks.On the basis of relevant theoretical research results,this paper summarizes the factors affecting the vitality of community miniature sports parks,comprehensively evaluates and analyzes the vitality of nine representative community miniature sports parks,and draws the following conclusions:(1)From the perspective of vitality construction and evaluation of community miniature sports parks,combined with practical research and expert consultation,23 factors affecting the vitality of community miniature sports parks in the main urban area of Chongqing are summarized from the two aspects of location environment and internal environment,including 3 quantitative factors and 20 qualitative factors.(2)Based on the investigation of nine representative community miniature sports parks,this paper preliminarily obtains the environmental and activity characteristics of community miniature sports parks in the main urban area of Chongqing.The land around the park is mainly residential land;67% of the parks are surrounded by more than 50,000 people,and 33% of the parks have an average daily flow of more than 1000 people.78%of parks have more than two entrances,and 67% of parks are connected to urban roads more than 5%.56% of parks have a shape index greater than 0.5 and a hard rate greater than 50%.The proportion of various activity venues from high to low is venues > balls >trails > fitness equipment > children’s activities;78% of the parks have a maximum height difference of more than 5m,and 56% of the parks contain slopes.Each park has rich sports facilities,and only 44% of the parks are equipped with cultural facilities.All parks are equipped with seats and sign systems;78% of parks are equipped with lighting facilities;56% of parks are equipped with toilets;In commercial service facilities,22%of parks are equipped with charging piles,78% of parks are equipped with vending machines,and 44% of parks are equipped with store.The age proportion of users of community miniature sports park is mainly the elderly,accounting for 44%,followed by the middle-aged and young people.In activity types,it includes five categories: children’s amusement,sports and fitness,sightseeing,leisure communication and cultural entertainment,accounting for 27%,13%,11%,43% and 5%respectively.In the number of activities,78% of the parks have an average of more than500 people per day.Due to the hot weather in Chongqing in summer,there is a great difference between summer and other seasons.(3)The vitality evaluation system of community miniature sports parks in the main urban area of Chongqing is preliminarily established,and the quantitative method and weight coefficient of each factor are defined.Using the constructed evaluation system to evaluate the vitality of nine community miniature sports parks,the evaluation results are as follows: 78% of the parks score more than 4 points,Anjiaju community sports park and Fengming community sports park score more than 4.2,and Hongshapo community sports park and Songjiang community park score less than 3.8.Through the correlation analysis between the internal environmental vitality evaluation results and the built environmental characteristics,this paper discusses the successful experience and shortcomings of the vitality construction of community miniature sports parks in the main urban area of Chongqing.(4)Among the vitality influencing factors significantly affect the activity density,the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is as follows: facility maintenance >fitness between sports facilities and site design > pedestrian flow > richness of surrounding land.Among the vitality influencing factors significantly affect the diversity of users,the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is as follows: humanization of service supporting facilities > adaptability between functional layout and terrain >coupling degree between sports facilities and citizens’ needs.Among the vitality influencing factors significantly affect the diversity of activity types,the absolute value of the correlation coefficient is as follows: walking time > distance to the park > fitness between the scale of sports facilities and the total area of park land > the location of the entrance of the park.It also analyzes the typical space with high activity density,diverse users and diverse types of activities.The dynamic park has the characteristics of mixed facilities,multiple functions,regular and centralized site form and micro topographic changes.(5)The strategies to enhance the vitality of the park are as follows:(1)Improve the accessibility of space: reasonably arrange the entrances and exits,optimize the roads outside the park and improve the accessibility outside the park;Increase the connectivity,security and attraction of the garden road,and improve the internal accessibility.(2)Improve the vitality of spatial layout: update the greening form and increase the area of hard sites;Combined with the landform,build a suitable activity space;Increase the mixing degree of spatial functions and build a complex and diversified activity space.(3)Enhance the vitality of sports culture and facilities: choose diversified activity facilities,and the layout of facilities is coupled with the characteristics of activities and the scale of the park;(4)Improve the vitality of sports environment quality: enrich the types of seats and enhance the sitting space;Adjust the landscape lighting in different seasons and spaces according to the activity characteristics;Reasonably set up commercial facilities in combination with the park scale,activity characteristics and needs. |
