Study On Landscape Vitality Evaluation And Optimization Of Qingdao Urban Mountain Park

Urban mountain parks are an important part of the whole urban ecosystem and have the functions of regulating urban ecology,meeting the needs of residents and showing the charm of the city.In the process of building ecological civilization in China,the planning,construction and transformation of urban mountain parks are also in full swing,but at present,the theoretical research on urban mountain parks is insufficient,especially for the level of landscape vitality evaluation is less discussed,the theoretical development lags behind the practical needs,so it is urgent to build a set of scientific and reasonable landscape vitality evaluation system for urban mountain parks.This paper takes Qingdao urban mountain parks as the research object,selects 8parks with close contact with citizens among 60 mountain parks in Qingdao from the perspective of tourists’activity demand,determines landscape vitality influence indexes through on-site visits and data analysis,constructs a pioneering landscape vitality evaluation system based on AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for Qingdao urban mountain parks,and uses the system to conduct empirical research on Beiling Mountain Forest Park,Zhushui Mountain Children’s Park,Tiger Mountain Park and Xiang’er Mountain Park in Qingdao,and then proposes landscape vitality improvement strategies in a targeted manner.Firstly,we establish the landscape vitality evaluation index system of Qingdao urban mountain parks,which is gradually improved through literature screening,field visits,questionnaire distribution and expert consultation.This paper finally takes four aspects of spatial vitality,natural vitality,facility vitality and humanistic vitality as the criterion layer,10 indicators such as geographical location and spatial arrangement as the element layer,and 29 indicators such as traffic accessibility and surrounding land nature richness as the indicator layer,and uses the hierarchical analysis method（AHP）to calculate the weights of each indicator.Secondly,four representative urban mountain parks in Qingdao were selected for the empirical study,and the weights of each index and the questionnaire evaluation results were formed into a fuzzy judgment matrix,which was weighted by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method（FCE）and the hierarchical analysis method（AHP）,and the evaluation grade results were:Xianger Mountain Park V₁very good（4.02）>Beiling Mountain Forest Park V₁very good（4.00）>Tiger Mountain Park V₂is good（3.97）>Zhushui Mountain Children’s Park V₃is average（3.34）,combined with qualitative analysis to test the reasonableness of the evaluation model.Finally,optimization strategies are proposed for the lowest-scoring Zhushui Mountain Children’s Park:（1）rational planning of space to enhance visitors’comfort in using the park;（2）improvement of characteristic landscape to enhance the overall attractiveness of the park;（3）rational use of topography to bring into play the uniqueness of the activity site;（4）improvement of infrastructure to create a new environment for pleasure and enjoyment;（5）strengthening civilized management to shape a good new image of the park.In this way,it provides a theoretical reference for the landscape design and renovation and enhancement of urban mountain parks in Qingdao,and provides reasonable suggestions and scientific basis for improving the landscape vitality planning of urban mountain parks.