Evaluation Of The Spatial Vitality Of Community Parks In Urban Central District And Study On The Factors Influencing The Landscape Environment

As the‘living room of the city’,the urban public space is an important carrier of the daily life of urban residents,and it bears most of the social life and communication activities of the residents.Community parks are the most accessible urban public spaces that are close to the daily life of urban residents.They not only provide a place for residents’ outdoor activities,but also are important spaces for residents to socialize.Today,the demand for outdoor space is becoming more and more urgent.There are two main problems in the use of community parks : on the one hand,there are few or even no community parks near many regular or old communities,on the other hand,there are many established community parks with low usage rate.With this situation,how to build community parks in a better way,improve the vitality of community parks,and meet the needs of urban residents is a problem we have to face in city construction.This paper focuses on the spatial vitality of community parks,based on the theory of landscape design,theory of urban public space design,and environmental behavior,etc.,starting from the two main bodies of space vitality:human and human activities,combined with environmental characteristics of community park landscape to study the key factors affecting spatial vitality.The study takes Futian District,Luohu District and Nanshan District,the three districts of the high-density built-up areas of Shenzhen as research areas,selects the community park research samples,and conducts systematic surveys of community park and user behavior to obtain relative information of personal attributes,activity types and landscape environment characteristics in community park.Based on the field research data,the following researches are carried out :Firstly,the spatial vitality assessment index is selected to quantify and visualize thespatial vitality of the community park,then compare and analyze the landscape environment characteristics of the community park,as well as the spatial vitality and the landscape environment characteristics,screen out key environmental elements that affect the vitality of community parks lastly.Through the assessment of the spatial vitality of community park sample,the spatial distribution of users in the community park and the behavior of users are obtained.The characteristics of the landscape environment inside and outside the park are gained through the analysis of the landscape environment elements of each sample community park.Through the correlation analysis between the spatial vitality of the community park and the elements of the landscape environment,the results are obtained that spatial vitality is greatly affected by the degree of land mix,park area,road area,number of entrances and exits,number of seat benches,shady shelter,sanitation facilities,fitness facilities and other landscape environmental factors.Based on the above analysis,the suggestions for the construction and promotion of the space vitality of the community park are given:there are certain rules of user activities in the community park,such as the shortcut behavior,the trend dependence,the boundary effect,the onlooker behavior,the human view effect,and the proximity of plants,etc..It’s necessary to combine the rules of people’s use to carry out the site construction when designing community parks,in addition,we must determine the main users of the park from the people of surrounding environment,and then combine actual demand of each space and facilities of their behavioral activities to design the site.