| In the past decade,the income of domestic tourism accounts for more than 10% of GDP.Driven by tourism,the accommodation industry has developed rapidly,and the number of hotel buildings has increased sharply.However,the development quality of the accommodation industry lags behind,Among them,the acoustic environment of hotel buildings has been greatly complained.At present,there is still a lack of theoretical research on the acoustic environment of hotel guest room area in China,and there is great blindness in the acoustic environment design and standard preparation of guest room area.Therefore,taking the guest room area as the research object,this paper first crawls and analyzes the hotel online comments by means of big data,in order to reveal the current situation of the acoustic environment in the domestic guest room area.Based on the current situation,further field investigation was carried out in the guest room area,and the objective measurement and subjective evaluation of the acoustic environment were carried out respectively.Finally,according to the theoretical research results,this paper puts forward the acoustic environment design strategy of guest room area,and provides the preparation basis for the first domestic hotel acoustic environment special standard "hotel building acoustic environment design standard"(CECS).By combing and summarizing the relevant literature and hotel acoustic environment standards at home and abroad,this study compares the differences of hotel acoustic index limits at home and abroad.For a long time,the allowable indoor sound pressure level and other limits of domestic guest rooms are lower than those in developed countries,but the general code for building environment gb55016-2021 issued in 2021 improves the limits of sleeping rooms,which corresponds to the limits of WHO standards.Although the acoustic environment requirements of domestic guest room area are gradually strict,the current situation of acoustic environment in guest room area and the real needs of users are not clear,and theoretical research is still needed.Firstly,through the method of big data,it crawls and analyzes the text data of 4258 hotels and 1.01 million online comments in the central urban area of Chongqing on Ctrip.The results show that among all the comments,the comments related to the acoustic environment account for 7% of the total,which is 4% higher than that in Europe.It can be seen that domestic guests pay high attention to the acoustic environment in the guest room area.Through word frequency analysis,the types and frequencies of all noise sources in the guest room area are summarized,including 7categories and 45 sub categories.Among them,the most frequent reactions of residents are traffic noise(21.2%)and air conditioning noise(16.8%).The time period for residents to complain about the acoustic environment is mainly concentrated in the evening(62.3%)and the morning(13.6%).Through the emotional analysis,the positive emotion accounts for 66.7% and the negative emotion accounts for 31.5% of the emotional tendency of the guest’s comment text,of which the negative emotion accounts for the highest proportion,reaching 39.6%.Through correlation analysis,the emotional scores of residents’ comments on acoustic environment were significantly correlated with factors such as check-in time and travel purpose(P < 0.01).The emotional scores of residents who stay in winter are significantly higher than those in summer,and the emotional scores of residents who travel for "business travel" are significantly higher than those of "couple travel".After that,the acoustic environment of 13 hotels of different grades and 52 guest rooms in Chongqing and Guiyang was measured on the spot,,it is found that the average medium frequency reverberation time(500-1khz)of guest rooms is 0.48 ±0.12 s,between 0.29-0.81 s.The day and night equivalent sound pressure levels of guest rooms are 34.5 DBA and 31.9 DBA respectively.Among them,the night equivalent sound pressure level cannot meet the requirements of the current specifications.Only the night equivalent sound pressure level of guest rooms measured in luxury hotels meets the limit requirements(29.4 DBA);The night equivalent sound pressure level of mid-range hotel rooms is the highest,reaching 35.6 DBA,exceeding the limit of 5.6DBA;Because some economical hotel rooms are equipped with internal windows,the indoor sound pressure level is not high.The rooms facing the street are mainly affected by traffic noise.The sound pressure level of the rooms facing the street is 7.6 DBA higher than that of the rooms not facing the street.When the air conditioner is on,the average indoor sound pressure level of all tested rooms is 43.3 DBA,which is 8.8 DBA higher than that without air conditioner.The spectrum characteristics of traffic noise and air conditioning noise are dominated by low frequency.A total of 234 valid questionnaires were collected through a questionnaire survey of the guests in the hotel.The results show that 84.1% of the guests are generally or relatively sensitive to noise,and 72.1% of the guests’ night equivalent sound pressure level in the guest room exceeds the standard limit,but 60.1% of the guests are satisfied or very satisfied with the sound environment of the guest room,and think that the impact of noise on their rest is general.The residents of different grade hotels pay attention to different noise sources.The residents of high-grade hotels believe that the outdoor and indoor noise have a greater degree of interference,while the residents of economic hotels believe that the indoor,outdoor,toilet,next door and corridor have a greater impact on them.Through correlation analysis,age is positively correlated with noise sensitivity(P < 0.05).The older the guests are,the more sensitive they are to noise.There is no correlation between hotel grade and acoustic environment satisfaction evaluation,which shows that the factors affecting the subjective evaluation of acoustic environment are not only the objective acoustic environment indicators,but also the expected value of the guests.Finally,based on the above theoretical research results,this paper summarizes the main problems of the acoustic environment in the guest room area.Aiming at the main acoustic environment problems in the guest room area,this paper puts forward targeted optimization strategies for the acoustic environment in the guest room area from four aspects: spatial layout,sound absorption,sound insulation,noise elimination and vibration reduction,and selects a practical case for acoustic design to verify the effectiveness of the design strategy. |
