In-Depth Investigation And Staged Safety Protection Of Guardrail-Type Major Road Traffic Accidents

In recent years,although the situation of road traffic safety in China has been alleviated somewhat,serious road traffic accidents of mass death and mass injury still occur from time to time,especially involving guardrail accidents.Therefore,it is urgent to further study the cause of accidents and protection methods.Therefore,this study will use statistics,integrated DEMATEL/ISM,APRIORI association algorithm and other three methods to explore the cause and mechanism of traffic accidents,and then put forward a phased prevention scheme and verify it with a simulation platform.First of all,statistics are used to make comparative analysis on the characteristic distribution of accidents,to explore the characteristic differences and significant core risk factors of single factor characteristics in the accident formation system,and to obtain the core risk factor system of guardrail traffic accidents.By means of integrated DEMATEL/ISM,the accident core risk factors and their causal relationship,action paths and hierarchical structures are determined respectively on the system of accident core risk factors.Results show that the driving factors and management factors has an important role in the formation of the accident,safety consciousness weak,in violation of the rules of the road traffic,improper operation,speeding,driver supervision omissions and vehicle supervision omissions are the key core risk factors affecting accidents.Among them,the omission of driver supervision and the omission of vehicle supervision are the key root factors,which have high driving force.Then,based on the analysis of APRIORI association rules algorithm,the analysis is carried out from the micro level around the "cause-effect" level generated by the system of accident core risk factors,and the influence of the interaction between multiple factors is deeply explored through the three-term set and four-term set association rules.The results show that the negligence of supervision promotes drivers to overspeed,improper operation and unqualified vehicle performance,and driving in downhill and turning sections,combined with bad weather conditions is more likely to lead to accidents.It is highlighted that the more the coupling of various factors,the greater the "lift" of vehicle stability critical point,leading to the greater the probability of serious road traffic accidents.Next,based on the above research results,combined with the internal relationship between the cause of the accident and the characteristics of vehicle movement track,the process of vehicle collision guardrail is divided into three stages:before,during and after the collision guardrail,based on which the staged protection measures are proposed.Put forward the defensive driving concept and intelligent monitoring and management center before collision to prevent the formation of accident risk factors;In collision,"a destructive safety device to prevent the vehicle from crossing the guardrail" can be designed to prevent the vehicle from crossing,and the strength of the guardrail can be strengthened or the flexible guardrail is designed to prevent the crossing and change the direction of the vehicle movement.After the collision,the vehicle needs to be designed to reduce the injury to the occupant.Finally,an accident simulation platform was built based on PC-Crash software to reproduce two typical guardrail accidents,and the value of improving guardrail strength in reducing accident damage was studied based on typical cases.The results show that the reinforcement of the guardrail and the safety belt can effectively reduce the injury of the passenger in the accident,but the reinforcement of the guardrail will aggravate the injury of the passenger in the front.This research comprehensively analyzed the characteristics,causes and mechanisms of guardrail-type major road traffic accidents,and put forward a phased protection scheme.Specifically,it includes strengthening management before the accident,preventing crossing during the accident,and improving passive safety of the vehicle after the accident.It has important theoretical and practical value to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents or reduce the loss of similar accidents.