Research On Travel Behavior Of Middle And Low-Income Groups In Big Cities

In recent years,China’s economy has grown rapidly,people’s living standards have been greatly improved,and new types of transportation have emerged one after another.Different social groups have different demands and expectations for transportation.Based on the traffic survey data of Beijing in 2020,this paper takes middle and low-income groups as the research object and carries out the related research on residents’ travel behavior.The main research contents of this paper include:Firstly,it expounds on the theoretical basis of residents’ travel behavior and defines the travel chain.The definition method of middle and low-income groups is determined:taking twice the median annual income of the respondents as the upper limit of the annual income of middle and low-income groups.According to the survey data,the characteristics of middle and low-income groups in personal attributes,family attributes,travel attributes,and travel chain are summarized and analyzed.It is found that nearly90% of middle and low-income families have an annual income of less than 250,000 yuan,and most of their travel patterns are relatively fixed.Secondly,based on the basic analysis unit of single trip behavior,the travel mode choice model of middle and low-income groups is established,and the travel mode choice behavior of middle and low-income groups is studied.Based on the utility maximization theory,the MNL model is constructed,the model parameters are calibrated by SPSS software,and the formula of the choice probability of different modes of travel is obtained.By analyzing the calibration results,it is found that factors such as gender,annual household income,and travel distance have different degrees of influence on the choice of modes of travel.Thirdly,taking the travel chain as the basic analysis unit,this paper establishes the travel chain selection model of middle and low-income groups,studies the travel chain selection behavior of middle and low-income groups,and further grasps the travel behavior characteristics of this group.After model construction and result analysis,the probability formula of trip chain type selection is obtained,and it is found that the trip chain selection behavior is influenced by factors such as occupation and family size.Fourthly,to analyze the relationship between travel mode choice behavior and travel chain choice behavior of middle and low-income groups,a travel mode choice model based on travel chain is established.Cross-analysis of travel mode and travel chain is carried out,the NL model is used for layering,and the parameters of the lower layer of the model and the last one are calibrated in turn.The results show that there is a mutual influence between the travel mode choice behavior and the travel chain choice behavior of middle and low-income groups.Fifthly,taking activities as the basic analysis unit,a model of activity mode selection for middle and low-income groups is established to explore the activity characteristics of middle and low-income groups in one day.This paper analyzes the characteristics of activity patterns under different influencing factors,builds an MNL model,calibrates the parameters with SPSS software,and obtains the formula of the choice probability of different activity patterns.It also makes a quantitative analysis of the choice behavior of activity patterns from the aspects of personal attributes and family attributes.Finally,this paper summarizes the established model.Based on the results of the analysis and taking into account the actual situation,five travel improvement recommendations were made: improving the walking travel environment,optimizing the public transportation network,improving the quality of non-motorized travel,improving the conversion and connection between different travel modes,and reducing travel costs.