Study On Residence And Travel Choice Behavior Of Urban Disadvantaged Groups

With the development and progress of the society,the main social contradiction in the new period of China has been transformed into the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.Compared with ordinary people,the "unbalanced and inadequate" problem faced by the disadvantaged groups is more severe.To solve the development problem of the disadvantaged groups is an objective requirement for ensuring and improving people's livelihood and promoting balanced development of economy and society,which is directly related to the smooth realization of building a well-off society in an all-round way.At the same time,urban construction and sustainable development have problems such as traffic congestion and housing shortage.Residence and transportation are the basic elements of urban residents' life and important indicators of the quality of life.The effective breakthrough and key link to solve the problem of urban disadvantaged groups is to scientifically plan their living areas and provide good transportation environment.Therefore,this paper takes urban disadvantaged groups as the research object,and conducts research from the two aspects of residents' choice of residence and travel.This paper studies the internal relationship between residence and travel choice,reveals their internal regular patterns,and provides a basis for the collaborative optimization of residence and travel.The main research results of this paper are as follows:First of all,in order to solve the problem of lack of quantitative classification methods for urban disadvantaged groups,on the basis of sorting out the connotation and classification of disadvantaged groups,this paper puts forward quantitative analysis indexes including three dimensions of economy,physiology and transportation,constructs a subdivision model of urban disadvantaged groups based on two step cluster.Taking the main urban area of chongqing as an example,there are two sections in the investigation,it collects data of 14,061 households and 44,714 people.The results showed that urban disadvantaged groups accounted for 38.5% of the total sample.There are significant differences between urban disadvantaged groups and other groups in the five variables of vehicles ownership,age,travel mode,profession and gender.The professions of urban disadvantaged groups are mainly primary and secondary school students,aged migrant workers,unemployed people and retirees.The family composition of urban disadvantaged groups is large family,single worker or retired old people,who have low income,single mode of travel and low degree of motorization.Secondly,to quantitatively explore the living environment of urban disadvantaged groups,the concept of residential satisfaction was introduced.Based on the theory of customer satisfaction and the characteristics of disadvantaged groups,exploratory factor analysis was used to screen the principal components of the influence variables.The structural equation model of residential satisfaction was constructed,covering 4 latent variables and 20 measurement variables.AMOS was used to estimate the parameters of the model and compare the influence of the differences between different groups.The empirical results show that residence location has the greatest impact on residential satisfaction,reaching 0.799,followed by community environment 0.748,and housing conditions have the smallest impact,reaching 0.532.Different income groups have different factors that have the greatest impact on their residential satisfaction,but the factors that have a smaller impact are the same.The housing condition is the most important factor affecting the residential satisfaction of the group with cars,while the residence location is the most important factor affecting the residential satisfaction of the group without cars.Among different housing ownership groups,the residence location has a relatively high impact on the residential satisfaction,while the self-owned housing group pays more attention to the community environment and housing conditions than the rental housing group.Thirdly,for the lack of research on the influence of residence location on the travel decision of urban disadvantaged groups from different levels,based on the theory of planned behavior and group dynamics,this paper constructs a multilevel structural equation model covering the factors affecting residence location and travel psychology.The model also considers the influence of individual and community variables on travel choice,and uses Mplus to calibrate the model parameters.The empirical results show that the influence of different variables on travel behavior intention is different.The influence of individual level variables on behavior intention was in the order of residence location(0.668),subjective norm(0.646),attitude toward behavior(0.588),and perceived behavior control(0.555).The influence of community level variables on Behavior Intention was in the order of attitude toward behavior(0.724)and residence location(0.655).Fourth,in order to analyze the residence and travel choice behavior of urban disadvantaged groups,latent variables of subjective travel experience were quantified by multiple indicators and multiple causes model,and substituted into the cross-nested Logit model as a utility function.In this paper,latent variables and discrete choice model are integrated to construct an integrated selection behavior model for the residence and travel of urban disadvantaged groups.The upper layer of the model is selected as the residence location,and the lower layer is selected as the travel mode,and the model parameters are calibrated by NLogit.The results show that the factors positively correlated with the probability of integration choice include gender,educational level,income,car ownership,residence location,attitude toward behavior and behavior intention,while the factors negatively correlated with the probability of integration choice include age,profession,average housing price,travel time and travel expenses.For the urban disadvantaged groups living 5?10km away from the workplace,there are strong substitutions among the travel modes.With the increase of the distance between the place of residence and the workplace,the membership degree of walking choice limb to the upper residence location gradually decreases,while the membership degree of car choice to the upper residence location gradually increases.Travelers living in different residential areas have obvious preference in the choice of travel mode.Fifth,based on the multi-objective optimization theory,the selected targets are the shortest total commuting distance,the least total travel time and the maximum social benefits from people's residence to their work place.The objective function is determined according to the relevant influencing factors of variables,the collaborative optimization model of urban residential space distribution and travel service is constructed,and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the model.The results of the example show that the optimal distribution of population and public transport resources in each residential area can be calculated by restricting the number of posts in each working area when the total population,the number of public transport vehicles and the total number of rail transit stations are restricted.The model can provide decision-makers with an optimal set of multi-objective optimization solutions,it provides a theoretical basis for the layout planning of urban living space and transportation infrastructure.Above all,this paper conducts comprehensive and in-depth exploration and research in the following aspects,including the definition and classification of urban disadvantaged groups,the analysis of living conditions and residential satisfaction,the multilevel structural equation model of travel choice,the hybrid model of integrated choice between residence and travel,the collaborative optimization of residential space distribution and travel service configuration.This paper reveals the behavior rules of living and traveling choices of specific groups,and provides certain theoretical basis and method support for urban spatial layout and traffic planning.