| With the development of the current social economy,people’s income continues to increase,and the quality of life is improving day by day.More and more families have their own cars.At the same time as the number of cars has increased,the limited available parking space resources are difficult to meet the current rising demand.The problem of urban parking difficulties is also gradually serious.The main manifestations are the long time for drivers to search for parking spaces,and the parking queues in hotspot areas during peak hours to interfere with traffic and other problems.However,blindly increasing the number of parking spaces from the supply side is not only unrealistic,but also causes serious waste of land resources.During a survey,it was also found that although the total number of parking spaces is currently insufficient,the problem of uneven utilization of local parking resources is even more serious.In view of this,this paper analyzes the reserved parking and differentiated charging measures.The reserved parking ensures that drivers have a place to park after arriving at the destination.The utilization rate of berths can be improved,thereby effectively alleviating the current situation of parking difficulties.This paper firstly compares and summarizes the development status of reserved parking at home and abroad,analyzes the problems and deficiencies in the current implementation of reserved parking in our country,and looks forward to the development prospect of reserved parking from the perspective of industry development and national policy.Secondly,in order to understand drivers’ willingness to choose parking,and to explore the key factors that affect drivers’ choice behavior in the reserved parking,the SP questionnaire on the driver’s reserved parking choice behavior was designed.In this questionnaire,the reserved parking attributes,scheme attributes,travel scene attributes,drivers’ socio-economic attributes,and daily parking characteristics was considered.Then established an NL model based on the questionnaire survey data,and the parameters of the model are calibrated.The calibration results show that the reservation charging mode,parking space tension,parking waiting time,travel purpose and personal attributes all have a significant impact on the choice of reserved parking scheme.Third,when making a reservation,there may be cases where the parking lot the driver expects to go is already full.In order to study whether travelers will still stick to use private car under this situation,and to explore whether the improvement of public transportation service level can promote travelers to transfer to public transportation,an SP questionnaire on the choice of travel mode influenced by reserved parking was designed.In the design of the questionnaire,private cars,taxis(online car-hailing),subways,ground buses and shared bicycles are considered as options for travelers at this time.There is no correlation between the modes,therefore the MNL model is constructed.The results show that the shortage of parking spaces and the improvement of public transport service levels are all conducive to travelers choosing public transport modes.Finally,a multi-objective optimization model for differential pricing of reserved parking lots is established with the goals of maximizing the total revenue of the parking lots,maximizing the total utility of users and the equilibrium of the parking lot utilization.The driver’s choice of parking lot is based on the reserved parking scheme selection model.Then using the NSGA-II algorithm to solve it.After that,the parking scene of Beijing You’ An Hospital was selected as an example to verify the validity of the model and algorithm,and the optimal solution was selected from the obtained Pareto solution set using the entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation method,and the comparison with the current situation was analyzed,and put forward effective suggestions for the way of opening reserved parking,the ratio of reserved parking spaces,and the reasonable formulation of parking lot pricing plans for existing parking lots. |
