| With the acceleration of China’s social aging process and the improvement of living standards,the demand of the elderly for driving cars in China is also increasing.However,as the elderly drivers grow older,their own physical functions are also weakening,which leads to the decline of the elderly drivers’ perception ability,cognitive ability,reaction ability and execution ability,resulting in the increase of traffic accidents caused by the elderly drivers.In order to study the behavior characteristics and behavior reliability of elderly drivers in complex traffic environment,this paper collects the driving behavior data of drivers in complex traffic environment by means of driving simulation system,Ergo LAB physiological and psychological instrument,i-View HED4 eye tracker and other instruments,and analyzes the differences of driving behavior characteristics between elderly drivers and young and middle-aged drivers under different traffic scenarios.The S-O-R theoretical model and CREAM model are used to predict the probability of drivers’ errors,and analyze the causes of errors.Through training and education,elderly drivers can recognize and pay attention to these causes.To provide theoretical support for improving the driving behavior of elderly drivers and ensuring driving safety.Firstly,the VS-Design virtual scene design software is used to build a virtual experimental scene of complex traffic at road intersections,including6 intersections with signal control and without signal control.39 drivers with rich driving experience are randomly recruited to complete the straight,left and right-turn driving tasks at 6 intersections.The eye movement data,physiological and psychological data,driving operation data and vehicle running state data of drivers during driving were collected.Secondly,the differences in various indicators of the behavior of elderly drivers and young and middle-aged drivers in complex traffic environment are analyzed.The analysis results show that the indicators of the two types of drivers have certain differences,and compared with young and middleaged drivers,the results of the indicators of the elderly drivers are attenuated.The main performance is that the elderly drivers’ ability to obtain and process traffic information is weaker than that of young and middle-aged drivers,and in the process of vehicle control,the volatility of the elderly drivers’ ability to control the vehicle is also greater than that of young and middle-aged drivers.Then the S-O-R model and CREAM model are used to predict the probability of driver error.The two prediction results show that in the complex traffic environment,the elderly driver’s error probability is higher than that of young and middle-aged drivers,and the driver’s error probability in steering task is higher than that in straight task.It shows that due to the decline of body function,the elderly drivers are more prone to errors in the driving process,especially when completing the steering task,because the operation is more complex and more traffic information is needed,so the driver is more prone to errors in steering.Finally,the prediction results of the two models are compared.The overall trend of the prediction results of the two models for the driver’s error probability is the same.The probability of the elderly driver’s error is greater than that of the young and middle-aged,and the probability of the driver’s error in the steering task is greater than that in the straight task.However,the probability of human error calculated based on the S-O-R theoretical model is greater than that calculated based on the CREAM model.This is because the S-O-R theoretical model considers more drivers’ behavior,while the CREAM model considers more drivers’ physiological and psychological state,indicating that drivers’ behavior has a greater impact on drivers’ reliability.Therefore,it is necessary to train drivers’ behavior so as to improve drivers’ reliability. |
