A Preliminary Study On The System Construction Of Marine Protected Areas In China

The ocean is the world’s largest ecosystem,and Marine resources are as important as other types of resources.The system of land-type protected natural land in our country is being orderly constructed,but the system of Marine protected natural land is still in the exploratory stage.In order to better protect and sustainable use of Marine resources,it is necessary to carry out scientific protection planning of Marine resources and build a system of Marine natural protected areas.This thesis takes China’s coastal waters as the research scope,draws on the successful experience of protection and management of Marine protected natural areas in the world,and summarizes the characteristics of Marine natural resources in China based on the analysis and evaluation of the construction status of Marine protected natural areas in China.In order to provide reference for the construction of China’s Marine protected natural areas,this thesis puts forward the idea of constructing China’s Marine protected natural areas system.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)The existing Marine protected land resources have the characteristics of diverse types,rich species,deep deposits,inclusive,numerous and uneven distribution.According to the survey statistics,there are 128 national Marine protected natural areas and 51 provincial Marine protected natural areas,a total of 179,with uneven spatial development and centralized distribution,and a lack of systematic planning.(2)According to China’s natural characteristics and distribution characteristics of natural resources,the spatial layout framework of Marine protected natural areas system adopts"One heart,two belts,ten key areas and four zones"."One Heart"is the Yellow Sea Migratory Bird Habitat(Phase I);The"two zones"are the Marine and land biogeographic ecotone of Minjiang River(4 sites)and the coastal development zone of Bohai Bay and Yellow Sea in China(12 sites).The"Ten key points"include Haimen Oyster Reef Marine Special Reserve,Chongming Dongtan Bird Nature Reserve,Yushan Islands Nature Reserve,Nanji Islands Nature Reserve,Xuwen Coral Reef Nature Reserve,Zhanjiang Mangrove Nature Reserve,Sanya Coral Reef Nature Reserve,Lingshui Mangrove Wetland Park,Southwest Zhongsha Islands Nature Reserve,Yingpangang-Yingluogang Dugong Nature Reserve;The four areas are the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,East China Sea and South China Sea.(3)China’s Marine protected natural areas are classified into five categories:National Marine parks,Marine nature reserves,Marine scenic spots,wetland parks and Marine special reserves.It plans to set up five national Marine parks,including five new ones,namely Huanghekou National Park,Yancheng Yellow Sea Wetland National Park,Nanji Islands National Park,Minjiangkou National Park and Southwest Zhongsha Islands National Park;It plans to set up 61 Marine nature reserves,including three new ones,namely Beidaihe-Guodi/Xinhekou,Lianyungang Salt Farm and Rudong-Tiezuisha Coast Nature Reserve;It plans to set up 77 Marine special reserves,including one new one,namely Shantou Chaonan Zhonghua Limulus Marine Special Reserve;It is planned to set up24 Marine scenic and historic sites,including 1 new one,namely Zhangzhou Caiyu Island Scenic and Historic Sites;Fourteen wetland parks are planned to be set up,including one new one,namely Luannan-Zoudong coastal Wetland Park.(4)According to the hierarchy,the hierarchical structure of China’s Marine protected natural area system is planned to be composed of two levels:national level and provincial level,among which the national level is subdivided into Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ.National Class Ⅰ refers to Marine protected natural areas with world heritage value or potential world heritage value,while national Class Ⅱ refers to national representative and typical Marine protected natural area with national heritage value.A total of 23 national(Class Ⅰ)Marine natural protected areas,124 national(Class Ⅱ)Marine natural protected areas and 34 provincial Marine natural protected areas are planned.(5)According to the scale,the national Marine park is divided into three categories:large(>150000km~2),medium(100-150000km~2)and small(<100km~2),among which 1 large,4 medium and 0 small;Marine nature reserves are divided into three categories:large(>1000km~2),medium(100-1000km~2)and small(<100km~2),of which there are 2 large,31 medium and 28 small.The plan divides the Marine special reserves into three categories:large(>500km~2),medium(100-500km~2)and small(<100km~2),among which 5 are large,15 are medium and 57 are small.Marine scenic spots are divided into three categories:large(>100km~2),medium(20-100km~2)and small(<20km~2),among which 12 are large,8 are medium and 4 are small.The wetland park is planned to be divided into three categories:large(>100km~2),medium(20-100km~2)and small(<20km~2),among which there are2 large,4 medium and 8 small wetland parks.(6)The Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,East China Sea and South China Sea development zones are divided into four zones according to the region.The Bohai Sea development Zone takes the planned Huanghekou National Marine Park as the core and focuses on the protection of coastal bays and seagrass bed ecosystems;The Yellow Sea Development Zone will focus on protecting coastal bays and seagrass bed ecosystems with the addition of Yancheng National Marine Park as the core.The East China Sea Development Zone will focus on protecting coastal bays,mangrove forests and coral reef ecosystems with the addition of Nanji Islands and Minjiang Estuary National Marine Park as the core;The South China Sea Development Zone will focus on the protection of seagrass beds,mangroves and coral reef ecosystems,with the addition of the Southwest Zhongsha Islands National Marine Park as the core.The system of Marine protected areas in China is constructed by determining the development strategy,development goal,spatial layout,type,grade,scale and regional development.