The Effectiveness Assessment Of The Natural Protected Areas In Southwest China

In recent years, the effectiveness assessment of the natural protect areas has become a hot issue of much concern, along with the development and deepening of the ecological protection and restoration project such as natural protect areas. Devebping large scale ecological protection and restoration effectiveness assessment has an important scientific significance for correspondent macro decision and management. Recently, the assessment of the natural protection area ecobgical benefit focus more on some region and a certain type of protection areas, mostly based on qualitative assessment.We select some quantitative ecological parameters to assess the ecotagical benefit of the Southwest natural protection areas, having an important significance for the innovation of the evaluation methods and the protection areas management.This paper set the 61 natbnal natural protectbn areas in Southwest of China as the research region, analysis the effectiveness of the natural protection areas in 2000-2010 quantitatively,adapting vegetation cover average、landscape pattern index and human threat factors and using GIS% RS and ecology principles. To vegetation cover, we calculate the vegetatbn cover data using NDVI on the basis of pixel dichotomy model, and do a linear regression analysis between coverage sequence and time sequence. According to the significance result, we divide the vegetation coverage into five classes rsignificantly increasd, not significantly increased,unchanged, not significantly decreased significantly decreased.To the human threat factors, we divide the factors into agricultural lands, industrial lands, transport lands and residential lands to analysis the intensity change on the basis of the land use type classification rules of the data. At the same time, we establish the representative and irredundant landscape pattern index system to study the protection effectiveness. On the basis of the integral analysis of the ecofogicai benefit of the protection areas, we sort and rank the protected areas by use of the improved TOPSIS, of which empowerment is based on the coefficient of variation,and make a concrete analysis of the case protected areas.The result show 1 generally the ecological effectiveness of the Southwest protected areas is significant. The index of the vegetation coverage has increased in most region of the protected areas. The area of the significant increased region is about 10%of the total region. In the functioning zone, from inside to outside,the vegetation coverage average increase amplitude become larger successively,but the mean value of the vegetation coverage decrease successively. In the protect type zoning, the vegetation coverage of the three types of the protected areas increase obviously except the wild plant areas. From the spatial distribution of the coverage change, the coverage value of the protected areas in the border region of the Southwest four provinces and the neighboring provinces,such as the region between Chongqing and Zhangjiajie forest district in Hubei province,the region between Sichuan province and Shanxi forest district and the region between the Northeast in Sichuan and Sanjiangyuan in Qinghai province increased very significantly. These areas have the advantage of national attention, government support and economic support.At the same time,the Baishuihe and Longxihongkou reserve are the most concentrated areas where the vegetation coverage decrease significantly, due to the influence of the 2008 earthquake and serious vegetation damage. So in the management of the protected areas in the future,we should increase the intensity of the vegetation reconstruction, and restore the ecological effectiveness.2 From the landscape ecology,compared the outer buffer zone, the landuse patch distribution of the various protected areas is more reasonable and optimized Many small patches reduce and merge, and the connectivity between patches increase. Not only the inner structure become more reasonable but also the edge shape of these patches tend to be smooth and regular, the richness are also maintained at high levels.Meanwhile according to the human threat fectors analysis, the influence of human activity on the protected areas is gradually weakened, on the basis of the policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland, the proportion of agricultural land decreased significantly, the proportion of residence has been expanded due to a small increase in population. The proportion of the residence and transport is very small. In addition to the agricultural land, the proportion of the remaining three types of the artificial land account for a very small part of the entire protected areas.3 The sort and classification of the 61 natural protected areas in Southwest reflect the ecological effectiveness imbalance between protected areas by use of the improved TOPSIS. The ecological quality of the protected areas in Guizhou province is best, vegetation growth situation is excellent. Yunnan province is medium,and protected areas in Chongqing and Sichuan provinces are relatively weak.,, According to the closeness degree, we divide the protected areas into four types: excellent,good, medium and relatively weak. The closeness degree of the first and second types protected areas is high, especially the NPP and vegetation coverage, but there is also some problems. In Dashanbao protected area, the proportion of agricultural land is relatively high, the diversity is small.In Panzhihua protected area, the proportion of the industrial land is high. In the management in the future, in order to develop better ecological effectiveness,under the premise of maintaining the advantage of the protected areas, we should solve these detail problems. To the third and fourth protected areas, the effectiveness is weak, the existing problem is comprehensive and multifaceted. More prominently,the NPP and vegetation coverage in these protected areas did not significant increase or no increase, at the same time,the proportion of significant decrease on these indexes is high, and the proportion of the agricultural and industrial land is also high. The patches distribute unreasonably,so the effectiveness is weak. So for these protected areas, under the premier of combining with there own situations, we should evaluate and manage comprehensively and pay attention to planning the forest resources scientifically and improve the ecological quality of these areas.