Comparative Study On The Influence Of Fiscal Expenditure On National Competitiveness In Green Development

Global climate change has caused increasingly frequent extreme weather,which has exerted extensive and profound impacts on the economy and society and posed severe challenges to the survival and development of mankind.Some international agencies predict that failure to act on climate change could be the number one risk in the next decade,which has become a long-term challenge for humanity.With the deepening impact of climate change on human activities,countries all over the world have paid close attention to the issue of global climate governance and the green transformation of economic society.At the same time,green economy will also become a new economic growth point under the climate constraints.In this context,green development,an economic model that balances environment and development,has attracted widespread attention from countries around the world.The cultivation of green industries and the development and deployment of green energy and technology have become important strategic measures for major economies to enhance their future international competitiveness.Based on the international competitiveness evaluation system of relevant international organizations and academic institutions,this paper constructs an evaluation index of green development competitiveness from four dimensions of green capital competitiveness,green energy competitiveness,green industry competitiveness and green innovation competitiveness,and carries out a quantitative analysis of the green development competitiveness level of the world’s major economies with the help of the entropy weight method.The effects of fiscal expenditure on the competitiveness of green development are analyzed by the common panel regression model.The regression results show that fiscal expenditure has a significant positive impact on the competitiveness of green development.Through dynamic analysis of the evolution process of China’s fiscal expenditure policies supporting green development,the United States,the European Union and the United Kingdom,and static comparison of the current fiscal expenditure policies and strategic layout to improve the competitiveness of green development,this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of China’s fiscal expenditure policies compared with other economies.The conclusion of the study is as follows: First,from the perspective of green development competitiveness index,the EU ranks first in green development competitiveness,followed by the United States,the United Kingdom and China.In terms of dynamic trends,the competitiveness of all economies in green development is on the rise.Among them,China and the UK have seen rapid progress in green development.Second,from the perspective of the fiscal expenditure policies of various countries to enhance the competitiveness of green development,compared with China,the green development strategies of developed economies such as Europe,America and the UK show the characteristics of large scale and excellent structure.In terms of scale,the scale of their fiscal expenditure is larger,more stable and sustainable than before.In terms of structure,government spending will focus on energy reform,industrial transformation,and innovative research and development to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of green development competitiveness.