Research On The Impacts Of Fiscal Expenditure On Carbon Emissions Under The Background Of New Urbanization

Since entering the new century,the sustained and rapid economic development has been accompanied by the increasingly prominent problems of human living environment,and the phenomenon of climate warming caused by the sharp increase in carbon emissions has attracted much attention.As the largest developing country in the world,China has relied on resource consumption to achieve extensive economic growth for a long time since the reform and opening up,and many problems such as resource shortage and pollution emissions have seriously threatened the sustainability of economic and social development.At present,China’s economy has entered a stage of high-quality development.Achieving the goal of emission peak and carbon neutrality is not only a solemn commitment made by China to the international community,but also an urgent need to meet the people’s growing demand for a beautiful ecological environment.As an important carrier of economic development,cities and towns have become the main source of carbon emissions.Promoting green low-carbon new urbanization will become the only way for China’s economic and social transformation.In view of the external characteristics of low-carbon environmental protection activities,the government plays an important role in the field of carbon emission control.As an effective means for the government to implement macro-control,the role of fiscal expenditure in the governance of carbon emissions has received more and more attention.Therefore,taking the development of new urbanization as the starting point,focusing on the effect and mechanism of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions will help accelerate the promotion of China’s carbon emission reduction work,and has strong theoretical and practical significance for realizing the green low-carbon transformation of economic society.The core point of the paper is to study the impact of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions based on the background of new urbanization.In order to ensure the systematicness of the research,this paper is based on the research logic of theoretical analysis,empirical test and policy design,and deeply examines the impact of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions and its mechanism.In the theoretical analysis,the core concepts of urbanization,fiscal expenditure and carbon emission are reasonably defined,and the significance of fiscal investment in carbon emission activities is expounded by using externality theory,public goods theory,sustainable development theory,public expenditure theory and urbanization theory.Furthermore,the mechanism of fiscal expenditure such as fiscal subsidies and government procurement on carbon emission is further analyzed.The direct and indirect paths of fiscal expenditure affecting carbon emissions are revealed,which provides theoretical support for subsequent research.Then,based on the calculation and analysis of China’s carbon emission data,this paper emphatically analyzes the implementation status,problems and possible causes of fiscal expenditure in the process of new urbanization in China,providing practical basis for empirical research and policy recommendations.In the empirical study,the dynamic panel model,intermediary effect model and threshold model are comprehensively used to investigate the actual impact of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions,and the mechanism of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions through new urbanization.Finally,according to the research conclusions of this paper,targeted countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.The above findings are as follows: First,in the context of the development of new urbanization,fiscal expenditure is an effective means for the government to implement macro-control,and it is of great significance to use fiscal funds to promote carbon emission reduction.The government’s financial subsidies for low-carbon activities and green procurement will have an impact on the sustainable development of economy and society.New urbanization has become an important path to achieve green low-carbon development.Second,fiscal expenditure has a positive impact on carbon emissions through pollution scale effect and factor substitution effect,while direct effect and environmental regulation effect have a negative impact on carbon emissions,and nonproductive expenditure has a negative impact on carbon emissions.On this basis,the results of the dynamic measurement model show that the scale of fiscal expenditure has a promoting effect on carbon emissions,and the structure of fiscal expenditure has a positive effect on carbon emissions control.Third,there are obvious regional differences in per capita carbon emissions and carbon emissions intensity,and the degree of carbon emissions difference among provinces is still expanding.Through the analysis of difference indicators,it is found that there are significant regional differences in China’s carbon emissions,and the impact of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions in the central region is stronger than that in the eastern and western regions.Fourth,new urbanization is an important transmission mechanism of fiscal expenditure affecting carbon emissions.By analyzing and putting forward the transmission logic of fiscal expenditure to new urbanization to carbon emissions,and using the intermediary effect test,it is found that the scale of fiscal expenditure increases carbon emissions through new urbanization,and the non-productive expenditure in the fiscal expenditure structure reduces carbon emissions through new urbanization.Fifth,the level of new urbanization is an important factor that determines the effect of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions.Based on the background of different levels of new urbanization,the impact of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions is examined.It is found that the impact of fiscal expenditure scale and structure on carbon emissions depends on the development level of new urbanization.The main innovations of this paper are reflected in three aspects: First,from a new perspective of the impact of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions,the research field of influencing factors of carbon emissions has been broadened.Different from previous studies which mainly analyzed the influencing factors of carbon emissions based on economic growth,industrial structure,energy consumption and other aspects,this paper focuses on the macro-control role played by fiscal expenditure and answers the question of what effect fiscal expenditure has on carbon emissions.At the same time,the scale and structure of fiscal expenditure are included in the systematic research,and the general equilibrium model is built to analyze the effect of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions.Second,the analysis is carried out in combination with the practice of China’s new urbanization,which provides new ideas for the research on carbon emissions.Based on the background that new urbanization emphasizes green lowcarbon development,this paper constructs a new urbanization indicator system from the five aspects of economy,population,land,society and ecological urbanization.By comprehensively measuring the development level of new urbanization,this paper provides new measurement methods and research ideas for analyzing carbon emissions from the perspective of urbanization.Third,the transmission path and mechanism of the relationship between fiscal expenditure and carbon emissions have been deeply explored,and the context system of the research on the carbon emissions mechanism has been expanded.Previous studies have not involved the impact path of fiscal expenditure patterns on carbon emissions.This paper uses theoretical analysis to reveal the transmission path and mechanism of the influence of fiscal expenditure on carbon emissions.Then,based on the background of multi-dimensional new urbanization,it identifies and tests the intermediary variables between fiscal expenditure and carbon emissions,which enriches the research on carbon emissions in the process of new urbanization.