Study On Urban Emergency Disaster Response From The Perspective Of 4R Crisis Management Theory

Urban sudden disaster is one kind of compound safety problem occurring in urban social life,and its governance is often faced with complex social environment.And governance of urban sudden disaster usually presents the characteristics of derivation,vulnerability,linkage and cross.So far,scholars at home and abroad have rigorous researched on urban sudden disasters from multiple perspectives.This paper analyzes the conception of urban sudden disaster and sudden disaster response and early sudden disaster warning,explains the applicability of 4R crisis management theory to the study of the whole process of urban sudden disaster.And,the paper builds a framework of 4R crisis management theory,and the “Zhengzhou 7.20 heavy rainstorm sudden disaster”is selected as the case of this paper to analyze the evolution mechanism of the whole process of urban sudden disaster under this framework.Firstly,the case introduces the characteristics of "7.20" incident,which is characterized by strong suddenness,fast disaster-causing speed,large loss,flood and waterlogging interweaving and strong disaster chain;In the process of disaster response,the government promptly launched the "four pre-emptive" system,dispatched relief materials to the front line of disaster relief,dispatched all rescue teams in the province,and mobilized rescue forces from other provinces and the army to the front line to support.And the case introduces the important role of the third distribution.Secondly,the “7.20” incident is analyzed in the whole process and from various aspects under the framework of 4R crisis management theory,which is found that there are problems such as weak public crisis awareness,partial failure of early warning mechanism,lack of unified command and government concealed and delayed disaster information.And the case digs deep into the causes of the problem:Zhengzhou is located in the central plains,and the calm life has paralyzed the public’s mind,leading to the lack of awareness of crisis in Zhengzhou citizens,and the government lacks of attention to the publicity of disaster prevention and self-rescue knowledge.And,the knowledge of disaster prevention and reduction taught in school classes incompletely,and there is no content of urban waterlogging disaster prevention and self-rescue;The unsound linkage mechanism of disaster response is mainly reflected in the over-mechanized and dogmatic response system;Urban infrastructure,especially important transportation facilities,lack of consideration of flood risk,and lack of flood prevention’ knowledge and skills training in daily training;After the disaster,relevant government departments hid and concealed the information about disaster when answering the questions of the general public and the central government.And,the local government didn’t seriously reflect on disaster and shoulder its own responsibility on one’s own initiative,but should build a good image for the society.Thirdly,according to the problems and causes in the case analysis,the paper summarizes four aspects of lessons: some city leaders lack bottom-line thinking and risk awareness;some leaders lack of awareness of disaster prevention and emergency response ability;major urban infrastructure lakes of thorough routine emergency drill about flood disaster;rescue teams should be on standby.Finally,the paper summarizes the concept theory and case analysis of the whole paper,and puts forward the optimization direction of measures about urban sudden disaster.The optimization directions are discussed from the perspectives of government personnel,emergency plan,early warning mechanism,response mechanism,urban infrastructure and risk awareness of the whole society,which is emphasized that leaders should have risk awareness,bottom-line thinking and emergency handling ability,contingency plans should be innovative and feasible,disaster early warning and response mechanisms should be coordinated,the level of disaster prevention and resistance of urban infrastructure should be improved,and the whole society’s risk prevention awareness and self-rescue ability should be improved.