Study On The Characteristics And Drivers Of The Evolution Of Supply And Demand Of Ecosystem Services In Henan Province

Ecosystem services are the various benefits that humans receive directly or indirectly from ecosystems.To achieve a virtuous cycle and maximize the overall benefits of regional society,economy and ecology,not only it is necessary to consider the supply and demand situation and interrelationships of ecosystem services,but also to deeply understand the inner driving mechanisms.Due to climate and land use changes,human activities have profound impacts on the composition,structure,dynamic processes and functions of regional landscape patterns,which seriously affect the performance of ecosystem services in the region.This study selected Henan province as the research object,based on land use,annual precipitation,soil,vegetation and elevation data,and used In VEST model,spatial distribution mapping and analysis methods to study the spatial and temporal distribution of carbon sequestration supply and demand,water production service supply and demand,soil conservation supply and demand,food supply and demand,habitat quality supply and demand,total supply and demand of ecosystem services in Henan province from 1990 to 2020;based on cold and hot spot analysis method,we analyzed the spatial clustering of supply and demand of ecosystem services in a long time series;based on the correlation analysis method,we analyzed the trade-off synergistic relationship between supply and demand,supply and demand of ecosystem services;with the help of geographic probe and hierarchical segmentation to obtain exemplar analysis,we analyzed the influence of annual precipitation,average annual temperature,vegetation cover,land use intensity,elevation and other driving factors on the spatial differentiation and distribution of supply and demand of services.The main results are as follows:(1)The spatial distribution of supply and demand of ecosystem services is imbalanced in Henan Province,and the supply was greater than the demand,and the demand for services was increasing.The supply of ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration,soil conservation and food production was high and the demand was low in areas such as forest land and arable land;the supply of ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration,water production services and habitat quality was low and the demand was high in urban areas with dense population and high degree of road hardening.Except for the supply of carbon sequestration which was less than the demand,the supply of water production services,soil conservation,food production,and habitat resources was greater than the demand.The wide distribution of natural habitat woodlands,rivers,lakes and ponds and semi-natural habitat arable land in the region largely reduced soil erosion,while protecting the natural ecological environment and providing necessary food products for human activities.(2)The supply and demand hotspots of ecosystem services in Henan Province shown opposite trends in space,with the supply service hotspot areas being the demand service coldspot areas;in time,the supply service clustering situation is gradually decreasing,and the demand service hotspot clustering was gradually increasing.The hot spots of supply services were mainly located in large scale forest and grassland areas and small scale town edges,while the cold spots were mainly distributed in the middle and western cultivated land;the hot spots of demand were mainly concentrated in construction land and cultivated land,while the cold spots were distributed in mountainous areas and town edges.(3)There was a general trade-off between supply and demand of ecosystem services,and the trade-off synergistic relationship between supply and demand varies greatly.Food production and carbon sequestration and water production services were trade-offs between supply services,while food production and soil conservation,and food production and habitat quality converted from synergistic to trade-offs,and soil conservation and carbon sequestration,food production,and habitat demand were trade-offs between demand services,while carbon sequestration demand and food production demand were synergistic.Among the supply and demand services,carbon sequestration,habitat quality,water production services,total supply and demand services were trade-offs,while grain yield and soil conservation were synergistic.The spatial distribution of grain yield,soil conservation,carbon sequestration,water production services and habitat quality in Henan Province did not match each other.The areas with high demand for soil conservation for plant growth under forest land type had low demand for habitat demand and grain yield;while densely populated areas influenced by human activities not only raise the demand for grain but also raise the demand for carbon.(4)Among the drivers of change in supply and demand services,natural factors had more influence on the spatial variation of ecosystem service supply and demand,and the influence of two-factor interaction on the spatial variation of ecosystem service supply and demand was greater than that of single factor;natural factors were the main factors influencing supply and demand services.Under single factor,enhanced vegetation index(0.886)and annual mean temperature(0.868)were the dominant factors in the spatial variation of ecosystem service supply and demand,respectively,while annual precipitation(0.836、0.801)and slope(0.866、0.821)direction were the important factors influencing the spatial variation of supply and demand services.The interaction between natural factors under two factors had the greatest explanatory power for supply,and the interaction between natural and human factors had the greatest explanatory power for demand services.The influence of annual precipitation(0.060～0.125 、 0.100～0.115),slope(0.090～0.149 、 0.064～0.135)and slope direction(0.044～0.117、0.099～0.134)on demand and supply services was higher;the influence of annual mean temperature(0.035～0.109 、 0.130～0.155)and vegetation(0.030～0.128 、0.108～0.162)on demand services was higher than that of supply services;the influence of land use intensity(0.079～0.152 、 0.024～0.162)and elevation(0.084～0.135 、 0.041～0.114)on demand services is lower than that of supply;the influence of real gross product(0.001～0.011、0.005～0.014)and population(0.020～0.043、0.023～0.103)on demand and supply services was lower.This study analyzed the spatial heterogeneity and temporal evolution characteristics,spatial clustering status,trade-off synergistic relationships and drivers of ecosystem service supply and demand in Henan Province from the perspective of a long time series.The study aims to explore the spatial and temporal dynamic relationships among ecosystem services in Henan Province and the influence mechanisms of the drivers,so as to provide references for optimizing the supply and demand pattern of ecosystem services in Henan Province,improving the regional ecological environment and optimizing the spatial development pattern of the country.