Relationship Between Supply And Demand Of Ecosystem Services And Human Well-being In The Arid Region Of Northwest China

The construction of ecological civilization emphasizes people-oriented,and improving human well-being is the focus and goal of sustainable development.Wuhai,as a typical resource-based city,is located in the arid and semi-arid areas in northwest China.Resource-based cities are faced with many social-ecological coupling problems,such as resource exploitation,ecological reconstruction and ecological conservation.This paper use In VEST,Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Revised Wind Erosion Equation model assessment the supply and demand of ecosystem services.Taking watershed as unit,the supply and demand of ecosystem services are analyzed by K-means clustering,and five supply-demand characteristics zones are obtained.This paper constructs a well-being index system with four dimensions:income,basic material for a good life,health,and security.The well-being data is obtained through questionnaire survey,and statistical analysis is conducted on all the well-being index data to compare the differences in well-being,study the relationship between the well-being indicators and socio-economic attributes,and explore the relationship between the supply-demand of ecosystem services and well-being.To explore the relationship between the supply-demand characteristics of ecosystem services and subjective human well-being is of great significance to maintain the sustainable development of regional ecosystem and socio-economic system.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The areas with the highest supply of food and carbon sequestration are mainly located in the Yellow River irrigation basin.The areas with the highest supply of fresh water are mainly located in the shrub area in the south of the study area.The areas with high demand of food supply services,fresh water supply services and carbon sequestration services are all located in the urban areas with dense population distribution.There is spatial consistency between the supply and demand of soil conservation services and wind erosion prevention service.The regions with the highest supply and demand of soil conservation services are mainly located in the eastern and western regions with higher elevations.The regions with the highest supply and demand of wind erosion prevention service are mainly located in the northern and western desert areas.(2)The study area is clustered into five areas: low hill-shrub area,urban residential area,sandy-desert area,suburb-shrub area,and high mountain-shrub area.The supply and demand of provisioning service in low hill-shrub area are the lowest in the five zones,and the supply and demand of regulating service is also low.The supply and demand of provisioning services and regulating service of urban residential area are high.The supply and demand of the two kinds of services in sandy-desert area is low.In suburb-shrub area,the supply of provisioning services is high,the demand of provisioning services is low,and the supply and demand of regulating services are low.The supply of provisioning services in the high mountain-shrub is high,the demand of provisioning services is low,and the supply and demand of regulating services are high.(3)The centralization trend of well-being data shows that the urban residential area has the highest level of comprehensive well-being,followed by suburb-shrub area,and the lowest in low hill-shrub area.The relationship between satisfaction of well-being indicators and socio-economic characteristics is as follows: Family income is positively correlated with the satisfaction of income well-being and the satisfaction of well-being indicators of basic material for a good life.Except for the satisfaction of geological hazard avoidance,age is negatively correlated with the indicators of health and security.The size of a household has little effect on well-being.Education level has a positive impact on the satisfaction of food,housing conditions and traffic conditions,while education level has a negative correlation with the satisfaction of public security conditions and the geological disaster avoidance.(4)Spearman’s rank correlations show that residents’ well-being had a positive correlation with the supply of provisioning services in the different regional units(Rs=0.915;P<0.01),residents’ well-being had a positive correlation with the supply of regulating services in the different regional units(Rs=0.636;P<0.05).There is a strong correspondence between residents’ well-being and supply-demand mismatching of provisioning services,and a weak correspondence between residents’ well-being and supply-demand mismatching of regulating services.