Research On The Spatial Flow Of Ecosystem Services In Shenyang Metropolitan Area Based On Supply And Demand Relationship

How to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of ecosystem services in the process of spatial transmission is the core goal of ensuring the effective supply of ecosystem services and improving human well-being,and accurately identifying the spatial flow path of ecosystem services and the factors affecting the flow of services is an important content to effectively improve the transmission of ecological well-being.At present,there are many studies on the spatial flow of ecosystem services,but the research objects are mainly based on the spatial flow simulation research of single services provided by the watershed ecological unit and the wind basin ecological unit,and there is still little research on the comprehensive ecosystem service flow and its supply and demand relationship in the resource basin.Taking Shenyang Metropolitan Area as a resource domain,this paper visually and comprehensively evaluates the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services,explores the circulation path,flow scope and circulation value of ecosystem services,and identifies the key locations affecting the circulation of ecosystem services,which is of great significance for the study area to formulate appropriate territorial spatial zoning management and control strategies from the government level and realize effective allocation of resources.Based on land use data and socio-economic statistics,this study comprehensively evaluated the supply and demand characteristics of ecosystem services and their temporal and spatial evolution patterns in Shenyang metropolitan area in 2000,2010 and 2020 by using equivalent factor method,empirical statistical model and Z-score data standardization method.On this basis,ecological resistance surfaces are constructed based on land use,DEM digital elevation and road network data to identify the key locations affecting the flow of ecosystem services,the minimum cumulative resistance model and gravity model are used to simulate the spatial flow path of ecosystem services,and the fault point theory and the Buffer tool and Intersect tool of ArcGIS platform are used to measure the service flow range and turnover value.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2010,the supply capacity of ecosystem services in 41% of the districts and counties in Shenyang metropolitan area was degraded,and the demand index for ecosystem services in the whole region showed a growing trend and grew rapidly;From 2010 to 2020,52%of the districts and counties had ecosystem service functions degraded,and 30% of the district and county demand index declined,but the total value of ecosystem service supply and demand index in the study area showed an increasing trend.The supply capacity of ecosystem services showed a distribution pattern gradually decreasing from southeast to northwest,with the medium supply level area accounting for the largest proportion,while the spatial heterogeneity of demand level was significant,and the overall spatial pattern of"large agglomeration,small dispersion"and low-value area enveloping and concentrated distribution in high-demand areas was the same,and the low-demand area continued to shrink but always dominated.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the overall supply of ecosystem services in Shenyang Metropolitan Area was sufficient,and the relationship between supply and demand first deteriorated and then eased,and the spatial pattern of central deficit and peripheral surplus was maintained as a whole.The ecological conservation area accounts for the largest proportion of the area,followed by the ecological reconstruction area,and the ecological restoration area is the smallest.In the past20 years,the area of ecological restoration areas has been generally stable,but the proportion of population and GDP carrying has increased,and ecological pressure has increased.(3)From 2000 to 2020,the ecological resistance of Shenyang metropolitan area continued to increase,the hot spots continued to expand,and the spatial distribution pattern was "pointarea",and the cold spot areas first contracted and then expanded,and the spatial distribution was relatively scattered.Compared with 2000 and 2010,the center of gravity of the spatial distribution of ecological resistance shifted to the northwest,the directionality weakened,and the spatial heterogeneity of ecological resistance weakened.(4)The total length of potential circulation paths of ecosystem services in Shenyang metropolitan area in 2000,2010 and 2020 was 7557.65 km,8111.7km and 6698.22 km,respectively,and the potential circulation paths covered a wide range,and the consistency of the extension direction of the path in 2000 and 2010 was high,and the potential circulation paths in Fuxin,Anshan,Shenyang and Liaoyang in 2020 shifted to the edge of prefecture-level cities due to the expansion of construction land.There are 14,15 and 14 key circulation paths in 2000,2010 and 2020,with a total length of 389.69 km,411.73 km and 422.35 km respectively,and the correspondence between the ecological source area and the ecological demand area is as follows: Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County-Xihe District,Taiping District,Haizhou District,Xinmin City-Yuhong District,Tieling County-Dadong District,Huanggu District,Shenhe District(2000,2010),Yinzhou District(2010),Fushun County-Xinfu District,Shenhe District(2020),Liaozhong District-Heping District,Tiexi District(Shenyang City),Liaoyang County-Baita District,Tiedong District,Tiexi District(Anshan City),Lishan District.Except for the obvious deviation of the key circulation paths in Shenhe District,Haizhou District,Baita District,Tiexi District(Anshan City),Lishan District and other ecological demand areas,other key circulation paths are basically stable.(5)From 2000 to 2020,the total service turnover area and total circulation of ecological source areas to ecological demand areas showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the overall increase trend.Tiedong District is the ecological demand area with the largest inflow of ecosystem services,and Liaoyang County is the ecological source with the largest outflow of ecosystem services.From 2000 to 2010,the number of ecological demand areas with reduced service transfer decreased from 3 to 5 from 2010 to 2020.From 2000 to 2010,the number of ecological sources with a decrease in service transfers increased to 8 from 2010 to2020.