The Impact Of Intermediate Imports Of Manufacturing Industry On Pollution Emission Rate Of Enterprises

Intermediate products refer to goods and labor,such as raw materials and fuels,which are used for reprocessing or reselling for the production of other products.They are products in processing stage,which are from the primary processing to provide the final product.With the deepening of trade liberalization,the international division of labor becomes more and more detailed,and the decomposition of value chain produces a large number of intermediate products trade.Intermediate products trade has become an important link between countries and enterprises.Research on international trade of intermediate products can better reflect the role of a country in the world value chain and international division of labor.In November 2019,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the guiding opinions on promoting the high-quality development of trade,pointing out: optimize the trade structure of capital products and consumer products,expand the scale of intermediate products trade,and develop and protect the global industrial chain.From 2009 to 2018,China’s intermediate imports increased from 764 billion US dollars in 2009 to 1610 billion US dollars in 2018.Intermediate trade expands the scope of enterprise resource allocation,reduces production costs,and is conducive to the transformation and upgrading of enterprise production mode.As an important part of the global manufacturing supply chain,China’s import trade expansion can hedge against the adverse effects of "anti globalization".However,in addition to bringing new technologies,products and modes of production to countries,the intermediate imports will also make some countries undertake the trade transfer and elimination between regions,which may bring positive spillover improvement effect and negative pollution effect to importing countries.So,will China’s expanding import scale of intermediate products reduce the pollution emissions of manufacturing industry? Based on the above background,taking the manufacturing industry as an example,this paper focuses on the core issue of "emission reduction effect of intermediate imports in manufacturing industry".On the basis of testing the impact of intermediate imports on pollution emission,this paper investigates the difference of the impact mechanism of intermediate imports on pollution emission rate in industries with different factor intensity,so as to provide new ideas for ecological environment protection and industrial chain security.According to the pollution haven hypothesis and Environmental Kuznets theory,the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution is inverted Ushaped,so most developing countries may become developed countries’ pollution haven in the process of import trade.However,considering the different development strategies,the complexity and dynamic changes of reality,the impact of intermediate imports on pollution emissions is unknown.Therefore,on the basis of theoretical support,this paper constructs a theoretical model of the impact of intermediate imports on enterprise pollution emission rate,and puts forward a hypothesis through theoretical derivation.Then we use the micro enterprise data of the combination of customs database,China industrial enterprise database and green development database from 2010 to 2012 to verify.The empirical test is divided into three steps.Firstly,it verifies whether the behavior of importing intermediate products has an impact on the enterprise’s pollution emissions.Secondly,it verifies the impact of the import scale of intermediate imports on the enterprise’s pollution emissions.Finally,it verifies the impact mechanism of the import scale of intermediate imports on the enterprise’s pollution emissions.All the empirical tests analyze the industries with different factor intensity separately.While refining the research results,we hope to explain the reasons why the intermediate imports in some industries cannot reduce the pollution emission rate by comparing the results of different industries.The empirical results show that: there is a significant negative correlation between the import behavior of intermediate products and the enterprise’s pollution emission rate,and the import scale of intermediate products also has a significant negative correlation with the enterprise’s pollution emission rate,that is,there is a "pollution aura" in the intermediate imports,and both the import behavior of intermediate products and the expansion of the import scale of intermediate products can promote the reduction of the enterprise’s pollution emission rate.And the effect is more significant in capital intensive industries and laborintensive industries.Through the technology spillover effect and cost saving effect,the intermediate imports can improve the total factor productivity of enterprises,and then reduce the pollution emission rate.Compared with capital intensive industries and labor-intensive industries,the main reason why the import of intermediate products in resource intensive industries cannot promote the reduction of pollution emission rate is that the cost saving effect is not significant.Therefore,first of all,China should actively promote trade liberalization,promote investment facilitation,and build a broader and convenient platform for enterprises to carry out import trade,so as to release the vitality of enterprises,promote the sustainable development of the industry,and ensure the openness,stability and safety of the supply chain of the industry.Secondly,we should optimize the import trade structure of intermediate products and pursue high-quality development.Enterprises should introduce more intermediate products with high technology content and less rely on low-end raw materials.Finally,we need to expand the supply of domestic products,reduce the external dependence of intermediate products,actively expand the supply of domestic products,and change passive import into active import,so as to realize the pollution reduction effect of intermediate imports.