Zoning And Management Of Ecological Restoration From The Perspective Of Ecosystem Service Supply And Demand

With the development of social economy,the disturbance of human activities to various natural ecosystems is increasing,which results in the imbalance of ecological function structure and the decline of regional ecological service supply capacity.At the same time,with the continuous improvement of social productivity and living standards,people’s demand for ecosystem services is also increasing.Therefore,problems such as imbalance between supply and demand and spatial dislocation of various ecosystem services have become more prominent.The loess hilly region is a typical ecologically fragile and sensitive area.To measure the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services and clarify the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services will play an important role in promoting scientific ecological restoration zoning and realizing regional ecological security and social and economic sustainable development,so as to provide a strong guarantee for ecosystem management and decision-making in the loess hilly region.In this study,Yuzhong County of Longzhong loess hilly region of China was taken as an example.Based on multi-source data,the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services was taken as the research entry point,and the value of ecosystem services obtained from water production service,carbon sequestration service,soil conservation service and habitat quality was calculated according to the In VEST model,which was regarded as the supply quantity.Meanwhile,Land use intensity,night light brightness,average land GDP,population density and other indexes are used to measure the demand.Combined with spatial autocorrelation and coupling coordination degree model,the matching and coordination relationship between supply and demand is constructed.The500 m grid is taken as the research unit to quantify the matching degree and coordination degree between supply and demand of regional ecosystem services.Using Arc GIS,Geo Da and other spatial analysis tools to output the spatial superposition results,the ecological restoration zones were delimited according to the actual regional conditions,and corresponding governance strategies were proposed according to the natural resources and socio-economic development characteristics within the zones.Through the research,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatial distribution difference of ecosystem service supply and demand in Yuzhong County was obvious.The supply of ecosystem services showed a spatial pattern of high in the southwest,low in the middle and low in the northeast,and the overall supply of ecosystem services was mainly at a medium and low level.The areas with high water production,carbon sequestration,soil conservation and habitat quality were mainly located in the southwest,while the areas with low carbon sequestration,soil conservation and habitat quality were mainly located in the middle.The demand for ecosystem services showed a spatial pattern of high in the southwest,central and low in the northeast,and the overall demand for ecosystem services was mainly at a medium and low level.The areas with high demand for ecosystem services are mainly urban areas with high socioeconomic development level and rapid urbanization process,while the areas with low demand are mainly mountainous areas with high altitude,poor geological conditions and sparse population.(2)The matching relationship of ecosystem service supply and demand in Yuzhong County can be divided into four types: high supply-high demand,low supply-low demand,low supply-high demand and high supply-low demand,with spatial mismatch of supply and demand as the dominant matching type.The coordination degree of ecosystem service supply and demand showed a spatial pattern of high in southwest China and low in northeast China,and the overall coordination degree index of supply and demand was 0.629,it shows that the relationship between the actual supply of ecosystem services and human demand is basically coordinated and the ecosystem services are basically sustainable.(3)Combining the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services with the current situation and strategic orientation of Yuzhong,Yuzhong County was divided into 6 ecological restoration zones.The strategy of “constraint of ecological protection red line + tourism ecological economy” was adopted in the ecological core protection area,“constraint of urban development boundary +ecological improvement project + dynamic monitoring of land use growth” was adopted in the ecological potential restoration area,“ecological improvement +improvement of ecosystem service function + comprehensive watershed management” was adopted in the ecological key restoration area,and “ecological compensation +” was adopted in the soil and water conservation restoration area Ecological reconstruction project + supervision and management strategy;ecological agriculture development area adopts the strategy of “ecological improvement and restoration project + modern agricultural development”;ecological innovation promotion area adopts the strategy of “ecosystem maintenance + agricultural land use control + ecological innovation and development”.