A Study On Zoning And Management Of Territorial Ecological Restoration From The Perspective Of Supply And Demand Of Ecosystem Services

The process of ecological restoration of territorial space is a continuous optimization of the relationship between humans and the land.As our understanding of the correlation between the natural ecosystem and the social and economic system deepens,the harmonious symbiosis between humans and nature has become a crucial aspect in the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.While there have been important breakthroughs in the relevant theoretical system and empirical anatomy,there are still some issues that need to be addressed.For instance,there is a need to enrich the empirical research on restoration zones from the perspective of supply and demand and to improve the evaluation framework of the effectiveness of typical manland system restoration.As a combination ecosystem of nature,society and economy,the river basin is not only an important economic unit but also has an obvious geographical boundary.Collaborative promotion of territorial ecological restoration based on river basin can give consideration to both economic and ecological regions,which is typical and practical urgency.This study selected the Oujiang River source region,a typical drainage basin in the southern hills and mountains,as the object for research.The study follows the logical framework of "theoretical cognition-feature recognition-mechanism analysis-spatial control-mechanism design." The paper explores the scientific problem of "how to carry out zoning and management of territorial ecological restoration from the perspective of supply and demand of ecosystem services".The results show that:(1)The essence of man-earth relationship is the correlation between ecosystem and human welfare,which is embodied in the reciprocal feedback effect between ecosystem service supply and demand.This study analyzes the subject,object,and path of territorial space ecological restoration,proposes a multi-scale progressive overall goal,and builds a territorial space ecological restoration framework oriented toward the goal of "social,ecological,and economic sustainability."(2)NDVI,precipitation,and temperature all showed an increasing trend,while the area of cultivated land,forest land,and unused land decreased year by year.The overall landscape heterogeneity was enhanced,and habitat fragmentation was intensified.(3)The high value of ecosystem service supply was concentrated in the southwestern mountainous and hilly areas,while high demand is distributed near the Oujiang economic development zone.There was a significant tradeoff between supply and demand,and the mean of coupling degree was 0.7826,and the mean of coordination degree was 0.5794.(4)There was a significant synergistic relationship between conservation and restoration targets.The regions with a high proportion of construction land and a high intensity of human activities had a higher risk of ecological degradation.Meanwhile,the socio-economic factors represented by the distance from the main road had a stronger ability to explain the spatial differentiation of ecological degradation risks.(5)Four first-level zones and 16 second-level zones were divided to form an overall pattern of "one axis,two zones,three screens,and four zones," and the strategic positioning and optimization measures of each zone were defined.(6)The study comprehensively considers economic attributes,social input,and ecological response,builds the management and control transmission path of integrated management and control at the watershed scale,classified management and control at the county scale,refined management and control at the sub-ecosystem scale and benign development at the site scale.Drawing on the society-ecosystem framework,this study establishes an effective feedback mechanism with "dynamic monitoring and problem identification-scenario setting and multi-scale assessment-adjustment and correction and long-term mechanism construction" as the primary components.Overall,the study provides important insights into the process of territorial space ecological restoration and highlights the importance of collaborative promotion of ecological restoration based on river basin.