Ecological Restoration Zoning In Farming-grazing Transitional Zone Based On The Supply And Demand Of The Ecosystem Sercvices

With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China,the spatial structure of urban and rural land use is constantly being transformed and reconfigured,and the disorderly development of land space has led to the disorderly degradation of regional ecosystem functions and an imbalance in the supply and demand of ecosystem services,seriously threatening regional ecological security.In the context of ecological civilization in the new era,ecological restoration zoning is a process of optimizing the spatial pattern of ecology,dividing and combining ecological regions and ecological units into different ecological functional zones based on their spatial heterogeneity and consistency,and constructing a refined ecological spatial governance system in this way.Ecosystem services are the basis for human survival and development,and the balance between supply and demand of ecosystem services is a matter of human well-being.Therefore,the study of ecological restoration zoning based on the spatial matching between the supply and demand characteristics of ecosystem services is of great significance in promoting synergistic ecological and economic development between regions and enhancing human well-being.The upper Sanggan River,which is located in the interlocking agricultural and pastoral zone,is an important water-supporting area for Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.The fragile ecological environment,unique economic patterns,and human-land conflicts in the watershed have led to multiple ecological stresses due to the complex human-land coupling system.In this paper,we use land cover,meteorological data,statistical yearbooks,and other data to explore the spatial distribution of supply and demand of four ecosystem services: water production,carbon sequestration,food supply,and soil conservation in the upper Sanggan River in 2020 based on the In VEST model and Arc GIS spatial analysis module,and analyze the matching combination of supply and demand of ecosystem services by quadrant matching method and coupling coordination model.Finally,the supply-demand matching type and coupling coordination degree of the upper Sanggan River were superimposed on the current situation,ecological restoration zones were defined about the natural geographic distribution characteristics of the watershed,and ecological restoration differentiation and control measures were proposed for each zone with the main objectives of water conservation,soil conservation,arable land protection,and carbon sequestration.The results of the study show that:(1)The supply of the four ecosystem services of water production,carbon sequestration,food supply,and soil conservation in the upper Sanggan River is mainly distributed similarly to the natural geographical features,forming a semi-closed high-value zone around the main channel of the Sanggan River,while the high-value areas of demand mainly coincide with the densely populated areas.(2)The mismatch between the supply and demand of ecosystem services and the dysfunctional characteristics of the study area is obvious.The matching types were mainly high supply-high demand and high supply-low demand;the mean value of supply-demand coupling coordination was 0.23,which was a mild dysfunction.(3)Based on the supply-demand matching and coupling coordination degree of ecosystem services and the natural geographical characteristics of the watershed,the study area was divided into the Shantou Spring Ecological Restoration Zone,the Ecological Barrier Zone along the Ancient Great Wall in the north,the Wind and Sand Control Zone in the Datong Basin,the Sangan River Water Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Protection Zone,and the Water Containment and Biodiversity Protection Zone along the Inner Great Wall,and the restoration strategies were proposed according to the needs of each zone.The results of the study reveal the distribution of supply and demand of ecosystem services in the upper Sanggan River in the agro-pastoral interlacing zone,which can provide a reference for ecological restoration of the national land space in the agro-pastoral interlacing zone.