Research On Spatiotemporal Dynamics And Regional Differences Of Direct Carbon Emission From China’s Residential Consumption Sector

Currently,China is the largest carbon emitter in the world and faces a great pressure on carbon dioxide（CO₂）emissions reduction.As China’s second largest energy-use sector in China,residential consumption is an important source of CO₂emissions and also faces a great pressure on CO₂ emissions reduction.In addition,the associations and differences among provinces and regions pose a challenges to coordinating CO₂ emissions reduction.Firstly,this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of direct CO₂ emissions from residential consumption（DRCEs）.Then the spatial association network,regional differences,and the drivers of DRCEs were analyzed by integrating the associations and differences among provinces and regions.Moreover,the results of these analyses can provide a scientific reference for CO₂ emissions reduction of residential consumption.Accordingly,helping to have peak CO₂ emissions by 2030 and work towards carbon neutrality by 2060.The details are as follows:（1）This paper used carbon emission coefficient method（ECM）to calculate the direct RCEs from 2000 to 2020,and analyzed the evolution in time and spatial distribution of the quantity and structure of DRCEs.The total DRCEs had an obvious growth trend,with an average growth rate of 6.82%.The coal and electricity consumption were the primary sources of DRCEs.Moreover,the differences of DRCEs among provinces and regions were obvious and expanding.The DRCEs generated by oil,natural gas,electricity and heat of most provinces were up.The DRCEs reduced form northern coastal economic zone to the surrounding areas.The coal-related DRCEs,and electricity-related DRCEs were increasing from southeast coastal economic zone to the west inland.The oil-related DRCEs were decreasing from southeast coastal economic zone to the west inland.The heat-related DRCEs were more in the north of China and less in the south of China.In 2020,the DRCEs generated by natural gas decreased along the Yangtze River to its north and south areas.（2）Firstly,this paper analyzed the differences in the amount and structure of DRCEs for eight economic zone,then used Dagum Gini coefficient to decompose the sources of this differences.The total DRCEs of each economic zone were up.The difference of DRCEs amount between northern coastal economic zone and northwest economic zone was the largest.Moreover,there were significant differences in the DRCEs’structure of eight economic zone.In 2020,the proportion of coal-related DRCEs in northwest Economic zone was relatively high.It should be noted that regional differences were the main source of DRCEs differences.（3）Social network analysis（SNA）was used to analyze the spatial association network of DRCEs and reveal the overall and individual network characteristics.And spatial clustering was analyzed by block model.The spatial associations showed a spatial network structure.The spatial associations between provinces became stronger,but the network had a strong spatial hierarchy.Beijing,Shanghai and Jiangsu were in the center of DRCEs spatial association network,and were classified as net benefit cluster（Cluster D）in 2020.Cluster D was the final link of network.Yunnan,Shanxi,Xinjiang,Gansu,Qinghai and other provinces were located at the edge of network and were classified as net spillover clusters（Clusters A and B）.（4）The divers of DRCEs were analyzed by using the geographical weighted regression model.The influence levels of the six driving factors on the DRCEs in 2020was:GDP（0.891）,PEC（0.467）,EDU（-0.190）,PCE（-0.179）,AG（0.119）,ECS（0.113）.The provinces with the strongest positive effect on GDP were located in northwest economic zone,while the provinces with the weakest positive effect were in eastern and southern coastal economic zones;In 2020,the provinces with the strongest positive effect of PEC were located in northeast economic zone,and the provinces with the smallest effect were mostly concentrated in southwest and northwest economic zone;EDU in northeast and east coastal economic zones had the greatest negative influence on DRCEs.However,the negative effect of EDU in southwest and northwest economic zones was the weakest.